[1]
سَوْمٌ , inf. n. of
سَامَ, primarily signifies The
going, or
going away, engaged, or
occupied, in
seeking, or
in seeking for or
after, or
in seeking to
find and take or
to get, a thing: and sometimes
it is used as meaning the
going, or
going away;
as when it is said of camels [or the like]: and
sometimes, as meaning the
seeking, or
seeking for
or
after, or
seeking to find and take or
to get;
as when it relates to selling or buying. (Er-Rághib, TA.) ―
2-b2- You say,
سَامَتِ المَاشِيَةُ (S,
Mgh, Msb, TA) or
النَّعَمُ (M) or
المَالُ, (K,) aor.
تَسُومُ, (S, M, Msb,) inf. n.
سَوْمٌ, (S, M, Mgh,
Msb,)
The cattle pastured (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K,
TA)
by themselves (Msb)
where they pleased;
and in like manner,
الغَنَمُ [
the sheep or
goats]: or
went away at random, or
roved, pasturing where
they pleased. (TA.) ―
2-b3- [Hence,
سام, inf n as
above,
He did as he pleased.] You say,
خَلَّيْتُهُ
وَسَوْمَهُ I left him to do as he pleased. (S, M, K *
[In the CK,
خَلّاهُ وَسَوَّمَهُ لِمَايُرِيدُهُ is put for
خَلَّاهُ
وَسَوْمَهُ لِمَا يُرِيدُهُ; and the like is done in one of
my copies of the S. See also 2.]) ―
2-b4- And
سَامَ, (S,) or
سَامَتِ الإِبِلُ, and
الرِّيحُ, (M, K,) or
الرِّيَاحُ, (S,) inf. n. as above, (S, M,)
He, or
it,
(S,) or
the camels, and
the wind, (M, K,) or
the
winds, (S,)
passed, went, or
went on or
along:
(S, M, K:) or
سَوْمٌ signifies the
passing, &c.,
quickly; one says of a she camel,
سَامَت, aor. and
inf. n. as above,
she passed, &c.,
quickly; (As,
TA;) and hence the saying of Dhu-l-Bijádeyn
cited in art.
عرض, voce
تَعَرَّضَ: or the
passing,
&c.,
quickly, with the desire of making a sound
in going along. (TA.) ―
2-b5- And
سَامَتِ الطَّيْرُ عَلَى
الشَّىْءِ, (M, K,) aor. and inf. n. as above, (M,)
The birds went, [or
hovered,] or
circled, round
about the thing: (M, K:) or, as some say,
سَوْمٌ
signifies any
going, [or
hovering,] or
circling,
round about. (M.) ＝
1-A2- [As mentioned in the first
sentence of this art.,]
سَوْمٌ is also in selling and
buying. (S.) You say,
سام السِّلْعَةَ, (Mgh, Msb,)
aor. and inf. n. as above, (Msb,)
He (the seller)
offered the commodity, or
article of merchandise,
(Mgh, Msb:) and it is also said of the purchaser,
like ↓
اِسْتَامَهَا, (Mgh, Msb,) meaning
he sought to
obtain the sale of the commodity, or
article of
merchandise: and one says also of the seller, and
of the purchaser,
سام بِالسِّلْعَةِ, meaning
he mentioned the price of the commodity [
in offering it
for sale, and
in offering to purchase it]: (Msb:)
and in like manner,
سُمْتُ فُلَانًا سِلْعَتِى, inf. n. as
above,
I said to such a one, “
Wilt thou take [or
purchase]
my commodity for such a price? ”
(TA:) and
سَامَنِى بِسِلْعَتِهِ he (the seller, Msb)
mentioned to me the price of his commodity [
in
offering it for sale]: (Msb, TA:) [and, agreeably
with these explanations,] Kr says that
السَّوْمُ signifies
العَرْضُ [i. e.
the act of offering, &c.]: (M,
TA:) or
سُمْتُ بِالسِّلْعَةِ, inf. n.
سَوْمٌ (M, K) and
سُوَامٌ, with damm; (K, TK; [in the former only
said to be syn. with
سَوْمٌ in selling and buying;])
and ↓
سَاوَمْتُ, (M, K,) inf. n.
سِوَامٌ; (TA;) and
اِسْتَمْتُ ↓
بِهَا and
عَلَيْهَا; signify
غَالَيْتُ [which
means
I offered the commodity for sale, mentioning its price, and was exorbitant in my demand:
and also
I purchased the commodity for a dear,
or
an excessive, price: and both these meanings
are app. here intended]: (M, K, TA:) and in like
manner,
اِسْتَمْتُهُ ↓
السِّلْعَةَ [
I offered to him the
commodity for sale, &c.: and
I purchased of
him the commodity, &c.]: (TA:) or, as some
say, (so in the TA, but in the M and K “ and, ”)
this last, as also
عَلَى السِّلْعَةِ, ↓
اِسْتَمْتُهُ, means
↓
سَأَلْتُهُ سَوْمَهَا [i. e.
I asked him the price at which
the commodity was to be sold]: (M, K, TA:)
and
سَامَنِيهَا, (M,) or ↓
سَاوَمَنِيهَا, (TA, [but the
former is app. the right,]) means ↓
ذَكَرَ لِى سَوْمَهَا
[i. e.
he mentioned to me the price at which it was
to be sold]: (M, TA:) you say also,
اِسْتَمْتُ ↓
عَلَيْهِ
بِسِلْعَتِى when you mention the price of the commodity [i. e. it means
I mentioned to him the
price at which I would sell my commodity]: and
you say,
اِسْتَامَ ↓
مِنِّى سِلْعَتِى when he is the person
who offers to thee the price [i. e. it means
he
offered to me a price for my commodity; or
he
sought to obtain from me the sale of my commodity
by offering a price for it]: (TA:) and
اِسْتَامَ ↓
عَلَىَّ
he contended [
by bidding]
against me in a sale:
(S, * PS:) or
اِسْتَامَ ↓
عَلَىَّ السِّلْعَةَ, which means
استام عَلَى سَوْمِى [i. e.
he sought to obtain the sale
of the commodity in opposition to me, or
to my
seeking it]. (Msb. [See also 3.]) Hence, [Mo-
hammad is related to have said,]
لَا يَسُومُ الرَّجُلُ عَلَى
سَوْمِ أَخِيهِ, (Mgh,) or
لايسوم أَحَدُكُمْ على سوم
اخيه, (Msb,) i. e. [
The man, or
any one of you,]
shall not purchase [
in opposition to his brother]:
(Mgh, Msb:) and it may mean
shall not sell; the
case being that of a man's offering to the purchaser his commodity for a certain price, and
another's then saying, “ I have the like thereof
for less than this price: ” so that the prohibition
relates in common to the seller and the buyer:
(M:) and the saying is also related otherwise, i. e.
↓
لَايَسْتَامُ, meaning
shall not purchase. (Mgh.)
And it is said in a trad.,
نَهَى عَنِ السَّوْمِ قَبْلَ طُلُوعِ
الشَّمْسِ, meaning, accord. to Aboo-Is-hák,
أَنْ
يُسَاوِمَ ↓
بِسِلْعَتِهِ [i. e.
He (Mohammad)
forbade
the offering a commodity for sale before the rising
of the sun]; because that is a time in which God
is to be praised, and one should not be diverted
by other occupation: or, he says, it may mean
the pasturing of camels; because, before sunrise,
when the pasturage is moist with dew, it occasions
a fatal disease. (TA.) You say also,
سُمْتُكَ
بَعِيرَكَ سِيمَةً ↓
حَسَنَةً [
I have mentioned to thee a
good price for thy camel]. (S.) And
اِسْتَامَ ↓
فِيهِ
سِيمَةً ↓
غَالِيَةً [
He demanded for it a dear price].
(TA in art.
حثر.) And
سَامَهُ بِعَمَلٍ [
He made to
him an offer of working, mentioning the rate of
payment; or
bargained, or
contracted, with him
for work]. (K in art.
عمل. [See also 3.]) ―
2-b2-
The Arabs also say,
عَرَضَ عَلَىَّ سَوْمَ عَالَّةٍ [
He
offered to me in the manner of offering water
to
camels taking a second draught]; meaning like
the saying of the vulgar,
عَرْضَ سَابِرِىٍّ: (Ks, TA:
[see art.
سبر:]) a prov. applied to him who offers
to thee that of which thou hast no need. (Sh, TA.
[See also art.
عل; and see Freytag's Arab. Prov.
ii. 84.]) ―
2-b3- And you say,
سَامَهُ الأمْرَ, (M, K,)
aor. as above, (TA,) inf. n.
سَوْمٌ, (M, TA,)
He
imposed upon him, or
made him to undertake, the
affair, as a task, or
in spite of difficulty or
trouble or
inconvenience; or
he ordered, required,
or
constrained, him to do the thing, it being difficult or
troublesome or
inconvenient: (M, K, TA:)
or
he brought upon him the affair, or
event;
(Zj, M, K, TA;) as also ↓
سَوَّمَهُ, (K,) inf. n.
تَسْوِيمٌ:
(TA:) or
he endeavoured to induce him, or
incited him, or
made him, to do, or
to incur, the
affair, or
event: (Sh, TA:) it is mostly used in
relation to punishment, and evil, (Zj, M, K, TA,)
and wrong-doing: and hence the saying in the
Kur [ii. 46 and vii. 137 and xiv. 6],
يَسُومُونَكُمْ
سُوْءَ ٱلْعَذَابِ They bringing upon you evil punish-
ment or
torment: (Zj, M, TA:) or
seeking, or
desiring, for you evil punishment: (Ksh and Bd
in ii. 46:) or
endeavouring to induce you to incur
it: (Ksh ibid.:) from
سَامَهُ خَسْفًا [expl. by what
here follows]. (Ksh and Bd ibid.) You say,
سُمْتُهُ خَسْفًا I brought upon him خَسْف [i. e.
wrong, or
wrong treatment, as expl. in the Ksh
and by Bd ubi suprà]: or
I endeavoured to
induce him to incur it (
أَرَدْتُهُ عَلَيْهِ): (S:) [see also
خَسْفٌ: and
سُمْتُهُ خُطَّةَ خَسْفٍ; expl. in art.
خط:]
and
سِيمَ الخَسْفَ He was constrained to incur, or
to do, what is termed الخَسْف [meaning
abasement
or
ignominy, or
that which was difficult]: (TA:)
and
سُمْتُهُ ذُلًّا I abased him. (Msb.) ＝
1-A3-
سَامَهُ, aor.
as above, also signifies
He kept, or
clave, to it,
not quitting it. (M, * TA.) ＝
1-A4- See also 4.