کُلَّ
Appears 49 times in Quran
Occurrences in Quran
Found 49 verses containing "کُلَّ".
وَتَرَی الۡجِبَالَ تَحۡسَبُہَا جَامِدَۃً وَّہِیَ تَمُرُّ مَرَّ السَّحَابِ ۚ صُنۡعَ اللّٰہِ الَّذِیۡۤ اَتۡقَنَ کُلَّ شَیۡءٍ ۚ اِنَّہٗ خَبِیۡرٌۢ بِمَا تَفۡعَلُوۡنَ
穆圣降临后, 那些看来像山岳那样坚固不移的旧思想和旧体制, 犹如浮云般地融化消失了。“山岳” 在此处也可同样意指建立得巨大而稳固的罗马帝国和波斯王国。它们在不可抵抗的、胜利的穆斯林军队面前纷纷瓦解。
اس میں زمین کے چلنے کا ذکر ہے برخلاف پرانے جغرافیہ نویسوں کے جو سورج کو چلتا بتاتے ہیں اور زمین کو ساکن۔
At the advent of the Holy Prophet old ideas and institutions which seemed to have been firmly rooted like mountains, melted and vanished away like the passing of clouds. 'Mountains' may here equally refer to the great and firmly established Roman and Persian Empires which were scattered like chaff before the irresistible victorious Muslim armies.
Commentary:
At the advent of the Holy Prophet old ideas and institutions that seemed to have been firmly rooted like mountains, melted and vanished away like the passing of clouds. Human history fails to cite an instance of such a mighty revolution brought about in so short a time in every sphere of men’s ideas and actions as was wrought by the great and noble Prophet of Islam. The word جبال (mountains) may equally refer to the great and firmly established Roman and Persian Empires which were scattered like chaff before the irresistible victorious Muslim armies.
958
穆圣降临后, 那些看来像山岳那样坚固不移的旧思想和旧体制, 犹如浮云般地融化消失了。“山岳” 在此处也可同样意指建立得巨大而稳固的罗马帝国和波斯王国。它们在不可抵抗的、胜利的穆斯林军队面前纷纷瓦解。
3
اس میں زمین کے چلنے کا ذکر ہے برخلاف پرانے جغرافیہ نویسوں کے جو سورج کو چلتا بتاتے ہیں اور زمین کو ساکن۔
2871
Commentary:
At the advent of the Holy Prophet old ideas and institutions that seemed to have been firmly rooted like mountains, melted and vanished away like the passing of clouds. Human history fails to cite an instance of such a mighty revolution brought about in so short a time in every sphere of men’s ideas and actions as was wrought by the great and noble Prophet of Islam. The word جبال (mountains) may equally refer to the great and firmly established Roman and Persian Empires which were scattered like chaff before the irresistible victorious Muslim armies.
2194
At the advent of the Holy Prophet old ideas and institutions which seemed to have been firmly rooted like mountains, melted and vanished away like the passing of clouds. 'Mountains' may here equally refer to the great and firmly established Roman and Persian Empires which were scattered like chaff before the irresistible victorious Muslim armies.
یَمۡحَقُ اللّٰہُ الرِّبٰوا وَیُرۡبِی الصَّدَقٰتِ ۗ وَاللّٰہُ لَا یُحِبُّ کُلَّ کَفَّارٍ اَثِیۡمٍ
30:40.
يَمْحَقُ (Yamhaqu, 废除, 消灭) 由 مَحَقَ (Mahaqa) 衍生而出, 其意思是, 他废除或取消或消灭了一件事物; 他歼灭了它; 他使一件事物缺乏不足并使它丧失增加的良好机会。
这节经文不仅暗示安拉正在消灭利息, 并且宣称它是不合法的, 而且暗示利息将从世界上消灭而代之以慈善事业和施舍物的时间既将来到。这一许诺首先由伊斯兰教在东方和西方的优势来实现; 而现在主许迈喜哈已降临, 预言了伊斯兰教在全世界将第二次兴起, 这一许诺将由伊斯兰教在世界各地再度占优势而重新实现。
“安拉消灭利息而增进施舍,”这句话也包含世界昌盛的奥秘。如果各个国家想要昌盛, 它们应该禁止收付利息而代之以施舍、慈善事业。注意 يُرْبِی (Yurbi, 将使……增加) 此词与 رِبٰوا (Riba, 利息) 出自同一词根, 这是很有趣的。因此这句就美妙地暗示, 这个世界把收取利息看作生财之道, 而真正的生财之道在于慈善事业。这句话也意指, 安拉与人们打交道时将仁慈地对待那些把财富消费在慈善事业的人, 使他们最后将繁荣昌盛, 而那些为利息贷款或借款的人将受到安拉的惩罚。
اس پر اعتراض ہوتا ہے کہ مسیحی اور یہود اور ہندو جو سود لیتے ہیں ان کا کاروبار ترقی کر رہا ہے اور مسلمانوں کا کاروبار گھٹ رہا ہے۔ اس کا جواب یہ ہے کہ یہ پیشگوئی ہے جس میں بتایا گیا ہے کہ آخر سود لینے والی قوموں کو اللہ تعالیٰ تباہ کر دے گا اور سودنہ لینے والے اس تباہی سے بچ جائیں گے۔ چنانچہ جرمنی میں سود کے خلاف سخت مہم جاری ہے اور اسی طرح بعض اور ملکوں میں بھی۔
30:40.
Important Words:
یمحق (abolish) is derived from محق which means, he abolished or annulled or obliterated a thing; he annihilated it; he rendered a thing deficient and deprived it of its blessing of increase (Aqrab).
یربی (will cause to increase) is from the same root as ربا (interest) for which see 2:276.
Commentary:
The verse hints not only that Allah is abolishing interest and declaring it to be unlawful but that a time is coming when interest will he blotted out from the world and charity and alms will take its place. This promise was first fulfilled by the ascendancy of Islam in the East and the West, and now that the Promised Messiah, with whose advent the second and universal rise of Islam has been prophesied, has appeared, the promise will again be fulfilled by the re-ascendancy of Islam in the four corners of the world.
The words, Allah will abolish interest and will cause charity to increase, also contain the secret of world prosperity. If nations desire to prosper, they should stop the giving and taking of interest and practise charity instead. It is of interest to note that the word یربی (will cause to increase) is from the same root as ربا (interest). The clause thus beautifully hints that whereas the world looks upon the taking of interest as a means of increase, the real means thereof lies in charity. The words also mean that God, in His dealings with men, will deal kindly by those who spend their wealth in charity so that they will eventually prosper and thrive, while those who lend or borrow money at interest will be punished by God.
a
30:40.
208
يَمْحَقُ (Yamhaqu, 废除, 消灭) 由 مَحَقَ (Mahaqa) 衍生而出, 其意思是, 他废除或取消或消灭了一件事物; 他歼灭了它; 他使一件事物缺乏不足并使它丧失增加的良好机会。
这节经文不仅暗示安拉正在消灭利息, 并且宣称它是不合法的, 而且暗示利息将从世界上消灭而代之以慈善事业和施舍物的时间既将来到。这一许诺首先由伊斯兰教在东方和西方的优势来实现; 而现在主许迈喜哈已降临, 预言了伊斯兰教在全世界将第二次兴起, 这一许诺将由伊斯兰教在世界各地再度占优势而重新实现。
“安拉消灭利息而增进施舍,”这句话也包含世界昌盛的奥秘。如果各个国家想要昌盛, 它们应该禁止收付利息而代之以施舍、慈善事业。注意 يُرْبِی (Yurbi, 将使……增加) 此词与 رِبٰوا (Riba, 利息) 出自同一词根, 这是很有趣的。因此这句就美妙地暗示, 这个世界把收取利息看作生财之道, 而真正的生财之道在于慈善事业。这句话也意指, 安拉与人们打交道时将仁慈地对待那些把财富消费在慈善事业的人, 使他们最后将繁荣昌盛, 而那些为利息贷款或借款的人将受到安拉的惩罚。
2
اس پر اعتراض ہوتا ہے کہ مسیحی اور یہود اور ہندو جو سود لیتے ہیں ان کا کاروبار ترقی کر رہا ہے اور مسلمانوں کا کاروبار گھٹ رہا ہے۔ اس کا جواب یہ ہے کہ یہ پیشگوئی ہے جس میں بتایا گیا ہے کہ آخر سود لینے والی قوموں کو اللہ تعالیٰ تباہ کر دے گا اور سودنہ لینے والے اس تباہی سے بچ جائیں گے۔ چنانچہ جرمنی میں سود کے خلاف سخت مہم جاری ہے اور اسی طرح بعض اور ملکوں میں بھی۔
a
30:40.
283
Important Words:
یمحق (abolish) is derived from محق which means, he abolished or annulled or obliterated a thing; he annihilated it; he rendered a thing deficient and deprived it of its blessing of increase (Aqrab).
یربی (will cause to increase) is from the same root as ربا (interest) for which see 2:276.
Commentary:
The verse hints not only that Allah is abolishing interest and declaring it to be unlawful but that a time is coming when interest will he blotted out from the world and charity and alms will take its place. This promise was first fulfilled by the ascendancy of Islam in the East and the West, and now that the Promised Messiah, with whose advent the second and universal rise of Islam has been prophesied, has appeared, the promise will again be fulfilled by the re-ascendancy of Islam in the four corners of the world.
The words, Allah will abolish interest and will cause charity to increase, also contain the secret of world prosperity. If nations desire to prosper, they should stop the giving and taking of interest and practise charity instead. It is of interest to note that the word یربی (will cause to increase) is from the same root as ربا (interest). The clause thus beautifully hints that whereas the world looks upon the taking of interest as a means of increase, the real means thereof lies in charity. The words also mean that God, in His dealings with men, will deal kindly by those who spend their wealth in charity so that they will eventually prosper and thrive, while those who lend or borrow money at interest will be punished by God.
a
30:40.
352
This seems to be a prophecy that economics based on interest will eventually disappear or will be destroyed.
وَالشَّیٰطِیۡنَ کُلَّ بَنَّآءٍ وَّغَوَّاصٍ
21:83; 34:13, 14.
21:83; 34:13-14.
Important Words:
غواص (divers) is derived from غاص. They say غاص فی الماء i.e. he dived in or descended beneath or entered into the water to fetch out what was in it. غائص or غواص, the latter having an intensive signification or implying the habit of so doing, means, one who dives in or descends beneath or enters into water, particularly one who dives in the sea for pearls and fetches them out (Lane).
Commentary:
See next verse.
b
21:83; 34:13, 14.
c
14:50.
1111
如21:83和34:13, 14节经文所述, 素莱曼在他统治时期征服了一些野蛮而经常要叛乱的山地部族。他强迫他们为他做各种各样的工作。上一节经文中的 شَيٰطِيْن (Shayatin) 和 34:13中的 جِنّ (Jinn) 是同一个民族, 素莱曼雇用他们做的工作的性质也是一样的 (《历代志下》2:1-2)。
b
21:83; 34:13-14.
3408
Important Words:
غواص (divers) is derived from غاص. They say غاص فی الماء i.e. he dived in or descended beneath or entered into the water to fetch out what was in it. غائص or غواص, the latter having an intensive signification or implying the habit of so doing, means, one who dives in or descends beneath or enters into water, particularly one who dives in the sea for pearls and fetches them out (Lane).
Commentary:
See next verse.
a
21:83; 34:13, 14.
سَتَجِدُوۡنَ اٰخَرِیۡنَ یُرِیۡدُوۡنَ اَنۡ یَّاۡمَنُوۡکُمۡ وَیَاۡمَنُوۡا قَوۡمَہُمۡ کُلَّ مَا رُدُّوۡۤا اِلَی الۡفِتۡنَۃِ اُرۡکِسُوۡا فِیۡہَا ۚ فَاِنۡ لَّمۡ یَعۡتَزِلُوۡکُمۡ وَیُلۡقُوۡۤا اِلَیۡکُمُ السَّلَمَ وَیَکُفُّوۡۤا اَیۡدِیَہُمۡ فَخُذُوۡہُمۡ وَاقۡتُلُوۡہُمۡ حَیۡثُ ثَقِفۡتُمُوۡہُمۡ ۚ وَاُولٰٓئِکُمۡ جَعَلۡنَا لَکُمۡ عَلَیۡہِمۡ سُلۡطٰنًا مُّبِیۡنًا
33:15.
اوپر کی آیت میں معاہدین کا ذکر تھا۔ اس آیت میں منافقوں کا ذکر ہے۔ پس سلوک کا فرق حالات کی وجہ سے ہے۔
33:15.
9:5.
The reference seems to be to the two tribes, Asad and Ghatfan who had no treaty of alliance with the Muslims. They played a double game and awaited their opportunity. When invited by their people to join them in fighting against the Muslims, they readily accepted the invitation. The directions contained in these verses come into operation when a virtual state of war exists and danger stalks along the land.
By Fitnah is here meant, war with the Muslims.
33:15.
9:5.
Important Words:
ارکسوا (fall headlong) is in the passive voice and the right translation of it would be, "are made to fall headlong", or "are overthrown" etc. but for the sake of clearness the word has been translated here in the active voice. ارکسوا is formed from رکس. They say رکس الشیء i.e. he turned the thing over or upside down. ارکس الشیء means, he turned the thing to its former state; he turned or threw it over upon its head; he reversed it or turned it back; he made the first part of it to be the last. أرکس الله عدوك means, may God turn thine enemy upon his head; or may He overthrow him or change or reverse his condition (Lane & Aqrab).
الفتنة (hostility) generally meaning, (1) persecution, (2) mischief, (3) discord and dissension, (4) civil war, etc., also means war, i.e. hostility (Lane). See also 2:192.
سلطان (authority) is the noun-infinitive from سلط which means, he or it overcame, prevailed or predominated; he became firm or established in superior power; he possessed power or dominion or sovereignty; he was or became sharp; it was or became hard or strong; he was or became chaste or perspicuous in speech, or eloquent and sharp in tongue. They say قد جعلت لك سلطانا علی اخذ حقی من فلان i.e. I have given you the power or authority to take my dues from such a one. سلطان means, strength, might, force or power; predominance; power or authority; the sovereign or ruling power; king or ruler; sharpness; hardness; proof or argument; evidence; plea (Lane & Aqrab).
Commentary:
The reference in this verse is to those people who had no alliance with Muslims or any tribe having an alliance with them. They were time-servers who awaited their opportunity. The difference between these people and those mentioned in the previous verse is that the latter had some sort of alliance with this or that party though they did not
possess the strength to assert themselves, while the former only sought security by deceitful means and hastened to make common cause with the enemies of Islam whenever invited to do so. Fighting was enjoined against this class of people, unless they entered into a treaty of peace with Muslims and loyally observed its terms.
a
33:15.
1
اوپر کی آیت میں معاہدین کا ذکر تھا۔ اس آیت میں منافقوں کا ذکر ہے۔ پس سلوک کا فرق حالات کی وجہ سے ہے۔
a
33:15.
b
9:5.
560
Important Words:
ارکسوا (fall headlong) is in the passive voice and the right translation of it would be, "are made to fall headlong", or "are overthrown" etc. but for the sake of clearness the word has been translated here in the active voice. ارکسوا is formed from رکس. They say رکس الشیء i.e. he turned the thing over or upside down. ارکس الشیء means, he turned the thing to its former state; he turned or threw it over upon its head; he reversed it or turned it back; he made the first part of it to be the last. أرکس الله عدوك means, may God turn thine enemy upon his head; or may He overthrow him or change or reverse his condition (Lane & Aqrab).
الفتنة (hostility) generally meaning, (1) persecution, (2) mischief, (3) discord and dissension, (4) civil war, etc., also means war, i.e. hostility (Lane). See also 2:192.
سلطان (authority) is the noun-infinitive from سلط which means, he or it overcame, prevailed or predominated; he became firm or established in superior power; he possessed power or dominion or sovereignty; he was or became sharp; it was or became hard or strong; he was or became chaste or perspicuous in speech, or eloquent and sharp in tongue. They say قد جعلت لك سلطانا علی اخذ حقی من فلان i.e. I have given you the power or authority to take my dues from such a one. سلطان means, strength, might, force or power; predominance; power or authority; the sovereign or ruling power; king or ruler; sharpness; hardness; proof or argument; evidence; plea (Lane & Aqrab).
Commentary:
The reference in this verse is to those people who had no alliance with Muslims or any tribe having an alliance with them. They were time-servers who awaited their opportunity. The difference between these people and those mentioned in the previous verse is that the latter had some sort of alliance with this or that party though they did not
possess the strength to assert themselves, while the former only sought security by deceitful means and hastened to make common cause with the enemies of Islam whenever invited to do so. Fighting was enjoined against this class of people, unless they entered into a treaty of peace with Muslims and loyally observed its terms.
a
33:15.
b
9:5.
647
The reference seems to be to the two tribes, Asad and Ghatfan who had no treaty of alliance with the Muslims. They played a double game and awaited their opportunity. When invited by their people to join them in fighting against the Muslims, they readily accepted the invitation. The directions contained in these verses come into operation when a virtual state of war exists and danger stalks along the land.
648
By Fitnah is here meant, war with the Muslims.
وَلَنۡ تَسۡتَطِیۡعُوۡۤا اَنۡ تَعۡدِلُوۡا بَیۡنَ النِّسَآءِ وَلَوۡ حَرَصۡتُمۡ ۖ فَلَا تَمِیۡلُوۡا کُلَّ الۡمَیۡلِ فَتَذَرُوۡہَا کَالۡمُعَلَّقَۃِ ۚ وَاِنۡ تُصۡلِحُوۡا وَتَتَّقُوۡا فَاِنَّ اللّٰہَ کَانَ غَفُوۡرًا رَّحِیۡمًا
یعنی ظاہری مساوات نہ کرنے کی صورت میں تعدد ازواج سے منع کیا گیا ہے۔ ورنہ نہ باطنی سلوک ایک سا ہوسکتا ہے نہ وہ موجب مناعی ہے۔
4:4.
2:232.
It is humanly impossible for a man to keep perfect balance between his wives in all respects; for instance love being an affair of the heart over which man has no control, a husband cannot be expected to have equal love for all his wives. But he can certainly deal by them with equity in other respects, and this he must do. So acting equitably between one’s wives pertains only to such acts over which one has control. This is the interpretation the Holy Prophet himself put upon this verse.
4:4.
2:232.
Important Words:
معلقة (a thing suspended) is derived from علق. They say علقه i.e. he hung it up or suspended it. علق الامر means, he left the affair suspended, i.e. undecided. معلقه is, therefore, a woman whose husband neither keeps her properly as a wife nor divorces her so that she might marry another man (Lane & Aqrab).
Commentary:
The words, And you cannot keep perfect balance between wives, however much you may desire it, mean that it is not humanly possible for a man to keep perfect balance between his different wives in every respect. For instance, love being an affair of the heart over which man has no control, a husband cannot be expected to have equal love for all his wives. But he can certainly treat them with equity in matters of money, time, etc., and this he must do. So acting equitably between the different wives, which has been laid down by Islam as an essential condition for polygamy, pertains only to such overt acts over which man has control. This is the interpretation which the Holy Prophet himself has put on this verse, both through his word and example. ‘A’ishah reports that the Holy Prophet used to treat his wives with equity in all matters over which man can have control and having done this, he used to pray to God, saying: "My Lord, these are my dealings in matters over which I have control; so blame me not for that which is in Thy power and not mine," meaning the feelings of the heart (Dawud, ch. on Nikah). The Holy Prophet is also reported to have said: "If a man has two wives and he is inclined to one of them (neglecting the other), he will rise on the Day of Resurrection with one of his sides having been torn off (Dawud, ch. on Nikah). Thus, both the example and the sayings of the Holy Prophet show that though a husband cannot love his wives equally, he should in his outward treatment, i.e. allotment of time, money, etc. be equally just and fair to all of them. In this connection see also 4:4.
b
4:4.
c
2:232.
350
一个丈夫要在几个妻子之间各方面都维持绝对公平的待遇, 那是非人力所能做到的事情; 例如, 爱情出于内心, 不是一个男人可以控制得了的, 不能指望一个丈夫同等地爱他所有的妻子。但他当然能在其他方面相等对待她们。这一点他必须做到。因此, 只要是在他能力范围以内的, 就得相等对待他所有的妻子。这是穆圣亲自对这节经文的解释。
5
یعنی ظاہری مساوات نہ کرنے کی صورت میں تعدد ازواج سے منع کیا گیا ہے۔ ورنہ نہ باطنی سلوک ایک سا ہوسکتا ہے نہ وہ موجب مناعی ہے۔
a
4:4.
b
2:232.
595
Important Words:
معلقة (a thing suspended) is derived from علق. They say علقه i.e. he hung it up or suspended it. علق الامر means, he left the affair suspended, i.e. undecided. معلقه is, therefore, a woman whose husband neither keeps her properly as a wife nor divorces her so that she might marry another man (Lane & Aqrab).
Commentary:
The words, And you cannot keep perfect balance between wives, however much you may desire it, mean that it is not humanly possible for a man to keep perfect balance between his different wives in every respect. For instance, love being an affair of the heart over which man has no control, a husband cannot be expected to have equal love for all his wives. But he can certainly treat them with equity in matters of money, time, etc., and this he must do. So acting equitably between the different wives, which has been laid down by Islam as an essential condition for polygamy, pertains only to such overt acts over which man has control. This is the interpretation which the Holy Prophet himself has put on this verse, both through his word and example. ‘A’ishah reports that the Holy Prophet used to treat his wives with equity in all matters over which man can have control and having done this, he used to pray to God, saying: "My Lord, these are my dealings in matters over which I have control; so blame me not for that which is in Thy power and not mine," meaning the feelings of the heart (Dawud, ch. on Nikah). The Holy Prophet is also reported to have said: "If a man has two wives and he is inclined to one of them (neglecting the other), he will rise on the Day of Resurrection with one of his sides having been torn off (Dawud, ch. on Nikah). Thus, both the example and the sayings of the Holy Prophet show that though a husband cannot love his wives equally, he should in his outward treatment, i.e. allotment of time, money, etc. be equally just and fair to all of them. In this connection see also 4:4.
a
4:4.
b
2:232.
680
It is humanly impossible for a man to keep perfect balance between his wives in all respects; for instance love being an affair of the heart over which man has no control, a husband cannot be expected to have equal love for all his wives. But he can certainly deal by them with equity in other respects, and this he must do. So acting equitably between one’s wives pertains only to such acts over which one has control. This is the interpretation the Holy Prophet himself put upon this verse.
وَمِنۡہُمۡ مَّنۡ یَّسۡتَمِعُ اِلَیۡکَ ۖ وَجَعَلۡنَا عَلٰی قُلُوۡبِہِمۡ اَکِنَّۃً اَنۡ یَّفۡقَہُوۡہُ وَفِیۡۤ اٰذَانِہِمۡ وَقۡرًا ۚ وَاِنۡ یَّرَوۡا کُلَّ اٰیَۃٍ لَّا یُؤۡمِنُوۡا بِہَا ۚ حَتّٰۤی اِذَا جَآءُوۡکَ یُجٰدِلُوۡنَکَ یَقُوۡلُ الَّذِیۡنَ کَفَرُوۡۤا اِنۡ ہٰذَاۤ اِلَّاۤ اَسٰطِیۡرُ الۡاَوَّلِیۡنَ
قرآن مجید کی دوسری آیات بتاتی ہیں کہ یہ سزا انسانی بداعمالی کے نتیجہ میں ہوتی ہے ورنہ خداتعالیٰ کسی کو ایمان سے محروم نہیں کرتا۔ جیسا کہ فرماتا ہے بَلْ طَبَعَ اللّٰہُ عَلَیْھَا بِکُفْرِھِمْ (النسآء: ۱۵۶) کہ اللہ تعالیٰ نے ان کے دلوں پر ان کے کفر کی وجہ سے مہر لگائی ہے۔
یہ کافروں کا قول ہے۔ ورنہ قرآن مجید میں سب پرانے واقعات بطور پیشگوئی کے بیان ہوئے ہیں اور ایسے ہی واقعات رسول کریم صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم یا ان کی امت سے گزرے ہیں۔
10:43; 17:48.
17:47; 41:6.
10:43; 17:48.
17:47; 41:6.
Commentary:
For an explanation of "veils" and "deafness", see 2:8.
What the Quran calls "signs" are described by disbelievers as mere "fables of the ancients," which saying of theirs is condemned by God. This shows that in the sight of God the stories of past Prophets and past nations given in the Quran are not meant as "tales" or "stories" but as "signs", being prophecies of future events which, when fulfilled, will serve as "signs".
b
10:43; 17:48.
c
17:47; 41:6.
1
قرآن مجید کی دوسری آیات بتاتی ہیں کہ یہ سزا انسانی بداعمالی کے نتیجہ میں ہوتی ہے ورنہ خداتعالیٰ کسی کو ایمان سے محروم نہیں کرتا۔ جیسا کہ فرماتا ہے بَلْ طَبَعَ اللّٰہُ عَلَیْھَا بِکُفْرِھِمْ (النسآء: ۱۵۶) کہ اللہ تعالیٰ نے ان کے دلوں پر ان کے کفر کی وجہ سے مہر لگائی ہے۔
2
یہ کافروں کا قول ہے۔ ورنہ قرآن مجید میں سب پرانے واقعات بطور پیشگوئی کے بیان ہوئے ہیں اور ایسے ہی واقعات رسول کریم صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم یا ان کی امت سے گزرے ہیں۔
a
10:43; 17:48.
b
17:47; 41:6.
773
Commentary:
For an explanation of "veils" and "deafness", see 2:8.
What the Quran calls "signs" are described by disbelievers as mere "fables of the ancients," which saying of theirs is condemned by God. This shows that in the sight of God the stories of past Prophets and past nations given in the Quran are not meant as "tales" or "stories" but as "signs", being prophecies of future events which, when fulfilled, will serve as "signs".
b
10:43; 17:48.
c
17:47; 41:6.
وَذَرِ الَّذِیۡنَ اتَّخَذُوۡا دِیۡنَہُمۡ لَعِبًا وَّلَہۡوًا وَّغَرَّتۡہُمُ الۡحَیٰوۃُ الدُّنۡیَا ۚ وَذَکِّرۡ بِہٖۤ اَنۡ تُبۡسَلَ نَفۡسٌۢ بِمَا کَسَبَتۡ لَیۡسَ لَہَا مِنۡ دُوۡنِ اللّٰہِ وَلِیٌّ وَّلَا شَفِیۡعٌ وَّاِنۡ تَعۡدِلۡ کُلَّ عَدۡلٍ لَّا یُؤۡخَذۡ مِنۡہَاۤ ۗ اُولٰٓئِکَ الَّذِیۡنَ اُبۡسِلُوۡا بِمَا کَسَبُوۡا ۖ لَہُمۡ شَرَابٌ مِّنۡ حَمِیۡمٍ وَّعَذَابٌ اَلِیۡمٌۢ بِمَا کَانُوۡا یَکۡفُرُوۡنَ
5:58; 7:52; 8:36.
10:5.
5:58; 7:52; 8:36.
10:5.
Important Words:
تبسل (be consigned to perdition) is derived from بسل i.e. he prevented or prohibited or debarred. ابسل besides giving the above-mentioned meaning, also means, he gave in pledge; or gave in exchange. ابسله also means, he gave him up to or he delivered him over to or he consigned him to destruction or perdition or punishment (Lane & Aqrab).
شراب (drink) is derived from شرب i.e. he drank. شراب means, a drink or beverage; any liquid which is drunk and not eaten or chewed. This is the original significance. Post-classical writers, however, sometimes use the word in the sense of خمر (wine) also (Lane).
حمیم (boiling water) is derived from حم i.e. it (water, etc.) became hot or very hot. The word is also used transitively, meaning, he heated water, etc. or he heated it fully. حم الشحمة means, he melted the fat. حمه means, he washed him with hot water or, conversely, with cold water. حمیم means, hot water or, conversely, cold water; sweat or perspiration. The word also means a friend or a beloved person (Lane). The last significance is probably based on warmth of feeling.
Commentary:
The context and the sense of the passage required the use of the words "thy religion," but the Quran uses the words "their religion" instead of "thy religion". This is to point out that it was for their own good that the religion of Islam had been sent and that they were injuring themselves by rejecting it.
The words, admonish people thereby, signify that if disbelievers are in a state of excitement and it is found that admonition will provoke them all the more, then one should "let them alone"; but if there is no fear of their being provoked, then one should first admonish them and then quit their company. The pronoun in به (thereby) refers to the Quran.
The verse also contains an exhortation to believers not to get enraged at the scornful remarks of disbelievers. As it is the duty of believers to admonish and warn disbelievers, therefore the former should patiently endure the taunts of the latter.
As shown under Important Words, the word تبسل (consigned to perdition) may also mean, "be given up or surrendered." Taking the word in the latter sense, the sentence would mean, "Admonish the people lest a soul be surrendered to what it has wrought," i.e. admonish them lest they be given over to the evil works they are now engaged in, viz. lest they continue in their evil condition. See also 2:16. Taking the word in the former sense, i.e. as rendered in the text, the sentence would mean, "Admonish them lest they be consigned to destruction or punishment on account of the evil deeds which they have wrought."
The verse is addressed to believers and points out to them the urgent need of preaching the truth to disbelievers. It calls upon believers to picture to themselves the dire consequences of their failure to preach the truth to disbelieving people. If they do not show disbelievers the right path, the result will be that the latter will continue in their error and will be delivered over to destruction on account of their sins, being reduced to a condition when they will have no helper and no intercessor and when no compensation or ransom will be accepted from them.
The "boiling water" mentioned in the verse will serve as a medicine to bring about a cure, while the "grievous punishment" will be in the nature of an operation.
b
5:58; 7:52; 8:36.
c
10:5.
a
5:58; 7:52; 8:36.
b
10:5.
816
Important Words:
تبسل (be consigned to perdition) is derived from بسل i.e. he prevented or prohibited or debarred. ابسل besides giving the above-mentioned meaning, also means, he gave in pledge; or gave in exchange. ابسله also means, he gave him up to or he delivered him over to or he consigned him to destruction or perdition or punishment (Lane & Aqrab).
شراب (drink) is derived from شرب i.e. he drank. شراب means, a drink or beverage; any liquid which is drunk and not eaten or chewed. This is the original significance. Post-classical writers, however, sometimes use the word in the sense of خمر (wine) also (Lane).
حمیم (boiling water) is derived from حم i.e. it (water, etc.) became hot or very hot. The word is also used transitively, meaning, he heated water, etc. or he heated it fully. حم الشحمة means, he melted the fat. حمه means, he washed him with hot water or, conversely, with cold water. حمیم means, hot water or, conversely, cold water; sweat or perspiration. The word also means a friend or a beloved person (Lane). The last significance is probably based on warmth of feeling.
Commentary:
The context and the sense of the passage required the use of the words "thy religion," but the Quran uses the words "their religion" instead of "thy religion". This is to point out that it was for their own good that the religion of Islam had been sent and that they were injuring themselves by rejecting it.
The words, admonish people thereby, signify that if disbelievers are in a state of excitement and it is found that admonition will provoke them all the more, then one should "let them alone"; but if there is no fear of their being provoked, then one should first admonish them and then quit their company. The pronoun in به (thereby) refers to the Quran.
The verse also contains an exhortation to believers not to get enraged at the scornful remarks of disbelievers. As it is the duty of believers to admonish and warn disbelievers, therefore the former should patiently endure the taunts of the latter.
As shown under Important Words, the word تبسل (consigned to perdition) may also mean, "be given up or surrendered." Taking the word in the latter sense, the sentence would mean, "Admonish the people lest a soul be surrendered to what it has wrought," i.e. admonish them lest they be given over to the evil works they are now engaged in, viz. lest they continue in their evil condition. See also 2:16. Taking the word in the former sense, i.e. as rendered in the text, the sentence would mean, "Admonish them lest they be consigned to destruction or punishment on account of the evil deeds which they have wrought."
The verse is addressed to believers and points out to them the urgent need of preaching the truth to disbelievers. It calls upon believers to picture to themselves the dire consequences of their failure to preach the truth to disbelieving people. If they do not show disbelievers the right path, the result will be that the latter will continue in their error and will be delivered over to destruction on account of their sins, being reduced to a condition when they will have no helper and no intercessor and when no compensation or ransom will be accepted from them.
The "boiling water" mentioned in the verse will serve as a medicine to bring about a cure, while the "grievous punishment" will be in the nature of an operation.
c
5:58; 7:52; 8:36.
d
10:5.
وَحَآجَّہٗ قَوۡمُہٗ ۚ قَالَ اَتُحٰٓجُّوۡٓنِّیۡ فِی اللّٰہِ وَقَدۡ ہَدٰٮنِ ۚ وَلَاۤ اَخَافُ مَا تُشۡرِکُوۡنَ بِہٖۤ اِلَّاۤ اَنۡ یَّشَآءَ رَبِّیۡ شَیۡـًٔا ۗ وَسِعَ رَبِّیۡ کُلَّ شَیۡءٍ عِلۡمًا ۗ اَفَلَا تَتَذَکَّرُوۡنَ
27:88; 39:69.
7:90.
7:90.
Commentary:
This and the following two verses definitely show that the incident related in vv. 77-80 above was purposely used by Abraham by way of argument; otherwise he himself was a staunch monotheist and had dived deep into the depths of Divine love and knowledge.
b
27:88; 39:69.
a
7:90.
826
Commentary:
This and the following two verses definitely show that the incident related in vv. 77-80 above was purposely used by Abraham by way of argument; otherwise he himself was a staunch monotheist and had dived deep into the depths of Divine love and knowledge.
b
7:90.
بَدِیۡعُ السَّمٰوٰتِ وَالۡاَرۡضِ ۖ اَنّٰی یَکُوۡنُ لَہٗ وَلَدٌ وَّلَمۡ تَکُنۡ لَّہٗ صٰحِبَۃٌ ۖ وَّخَلَقَ کُلَّ شَیۡءٍ ۖ وَّہُوَ بِکُلِّ شَیۡءٍ عَلِیۡمٌ
2:118.
The word Waladun, Wuldun or Waldun means, a child, a son, a daughter, or any young one; children; sons, daughters; or young ones; also offspring (Lane). One can have a son only when one has a wife. God has no spouse, so He cannot have a son. Moreover, as God is the Creator of everything and possesses perfect knowledge, He does not need a son to help Him or succeed Him.
2:118.
Important Words:
ولد (son) is from the verb ولد meaning, he or she begot or brought forth a child or a young one. The word ولد (waladun) or ولد (wuldun) or ولد (waldun) is very comprehensive in its meaning. It not only signifies male and female but is also used as singular or plural, extending even to remote offspring. Thus the word means, a child, a son, a daughter, or any young one; children, sons, daughters, or young ones; also offspring (Lane).
Commentary:
After making a reference to man-made teachings, the Quran proceeds to give Divine teachings.
There are only two ways by which one can have a son, either by a wife or by adoption. As for the first way, God has no spouse, so He cannot have a son. Christians call Jesus the son of God, but they do not call Mary the consort of God. If, however, Jesus was the son of God by adoption, then that does not entitle him to a higher spiritual status than other human beings, for any other man might as well have been adopted by God as His son. Again, as God is the Creator of everything and possesses perfect knowledge, He does not stand in need of a son.
b
2:118.
445
وَلَدٌ (Waladun), وُلْدٌ (Wuldun) 或 وَلْدٌ (Waldun) 这一单词的意思是: 孩子、儿子、女儿, 或任何一个幼小的人; 许多孩子、儿子、女儿; 或年轻的人们; 也指子孙、后裔 (Lane)。人只是在有了妻子后才能有儿子。安拉没有配偶, 因此他不可能有儿子。而且, 由於安拉是一切事物的创造主, 而且具有完美的知识, 他不需要儿子来帮助他或继承他。
a
2:118.
844
Important Words:
ولد (son) is from the verb ولد meaning, he or she begot or brought forth a child or a young one. The word ولد (waladun) or ولد (wuldun) or ولد (waldun) is very comprehensive in its meaning. It not only signifies male and female but is also used as singular or plural, extending even to remote offspring. Thus the word means, a child, a son, a daughter, or any young one; children, sons, daughters, or young ones; also offspring (Lane).
Commentary:
After making a reference to man-made teachings, the Quran proceeds to give Divine teachings.
There are only two ways by which one can have a son, either by a wife or by adoption. As for the first way, God has no spouse, so He cannot have a son. Christians call Jesus the son of God, but they do not call Mary the consort of God. If, however, Jesus was the son of God by adoption, then that does not entitle him to a higher spiritual status than other human beings, for any other man might as well have been adopted by God as His son. Again, as God is the Creator of everything and possesses perfect knowledge, He does not stand in need of a son.
b
2:118.
886
The word Waladun, Wuldun or Waldun means, a child, a son, a daughter, or any young one; children; sons, daughters; or young ones; also offspring (Lane). One can have a son only when one has a wife. God has no spouse, so He cannot have a son. Moreover, as God is the Creator of everything and possesses perfect knowledge, He does not need a son to help Him or succeed Him.
وَلَا تُصَعِّرۡ خَدَّکَ لِلنَّاسِ وَلَا تَمۡشِ فِی الۡاَرۡضِ مَرَحًا ۖ اِنَّ اللّٰہَ لَا یُحِبُّ کُلَّ مُخۡتَالٍ فَخُوۡرٍ
17:38; 25:64.
17:38; 25:64.
Important Words:
تصعر (turn in pride) is derived from صعر which means, he had a distortion in the face by reason of pride with a turning of the face on one side. They say فی خدہ صعر i.e. in his cheek is a distortion arising from pride. صعر خدہ means, he turned away his cheek from the people on account of pride and dislike or contempt (Lane & Aqrab).
Commentary:
When a man comes to acquire firm faith in God and His powers and attributes, and engages himself in Prayer, and exhorts other men to do good and right actions, and also patiently puts up with abuse and persecution which he has to face in the discharge of his difficult task, a new world opens up to him. God inspires him with His love and, as a result, people flock to him in large numbers. Then he is likely to become self-conceited and self-centred. Hence Luqman’s warning to his son to be on his guard against this moral lapse.
a
17:38; 25:64.
b
17:38; 25:64.
3045
Important Words:
تصعر (turn in pride) is derived from صعر which means, he had a distortion in the face by reason of pride with a turning of the face on one side. They say فی خدہ صعر i.e. in his cheek is a distortion arising from pride. صعر خدہ means, he turned away his cheek from the people on account of pride and dislike or contempt (Lane & Aqrab).
Commentary:
When a man comes to acquire firm faith in God and His powers and attributes, and engages himself in Prayer, and exhorts other men to do good and right actions, and also patiently puts up with abuse and persecution which he has to face in the discharge of his difficult task, a new world opens up to him. God inspires him with His love and, as a result, people flock to him in large numbers. Then he is likely to become self-conceited and self-centred. Hence Luqman’s warning to his son to be on his guard against this moral lapse.
a
17:38; 25:64.
2309
Sa‘ara Khadda-hu means, he turned away his cheek from the people on account of pride or contempt (Lane).
۞ وَلَوۡ اَنَّنَا نَزَّلۡنَاۤ اِلَیۡہِمُ الۡمَلٰٓئِکَۃَ وَکَلَّمَہُمُ الۡمَوۡتٰی وَحَشَرۡنَا عَلَیۡہِمۡ کُلَّ شَیۡءٍ قُبُلًا مَّا کَانُوۡا لِیُؤۡمِنُوۡۤا اِلَّاۤ اَنۡ یَّشَآءَ اللّٰہُ وَلٰکِنَّ اَکۡثَرَہُمۡ یَجۡہَلُوۡنَ
13:32.
天使的职能之一, 是向人们提出好的思想并要求他们接受真理 (41:32, 33)。有时他们通过梦和精神境界来完成这种职能。已死的正直的人们, 可以在梦中出现在人们眼前来为先知的宣称作证。还有另一种已死的人向人们说话的方式。一个精神已死的民族, 由於他们的先知的教导而在一种新的精神生活中复生时, 他们精神上的复生, 可以说是, 对不信的人在说话, 而且证实先知所宣称的真理。
这些话指的是自然界不同对象的明证, 这些对象以地震、瘟疫、饥馑、战争与其他天灾的形式来证明先知的真理。这样, 自然界本身看来对不信的人在生气; 各种自然力量在对他们进行战争。
13:32.
One of the functions of the angels is to suggest good ideas to men and to invite them to truth (41:32, 33). Sometimes they perform this function through dreams and visions. The righteous, who are dead, appear to men in dreams to testify to the claim of the Prophets. There is another way in which the dead speak to men. When a people who are spiritually dead are quickened to a new spiritual life by the teaching of their Prophet, their spiritual regeneration, as it were, speaks to the disbelievers and testifies to the truth of his claim.
The words refer to the testimony of the different objects of nature which bear testimony to the truth of a Prophet in the form of earthquakes, pestilences, famines, wars and other visitations. Thus nature itself appears to be angry with disbelievers; the very elements are up in arms against them.
13:32.
Commentary:
The subject of the previous verse is continued in this one. One of the functions of the angels is to suggest good ideas to men and to invite them to virtue (2:32). They sometimes perform this function through the medium of dreams and visions. The opening words of the verse refer to this very function.
The words, the dead speak to them, refer to the testimony of pious men of the past to the truth of a Divine Messenger either by means of prophecies which are handed down to posterity in writing or orally, or by their appearing to men in dreams and visions.
There is another way also in which the dead may speak to men. This happens when a person who is spiritually dead or a nation which is devoid of spiritual life is quickened to life by seeing the truth of their Prophet and then testifies to his truth before other persons or nations.
The words, and We gather to them all things face to face, refer to the testimony of the different objects of nature to the truth of a Prophet before his enemies. The different objects of nature bear testimony in the form of earthquakes, pestilences, storms, floods, famines and other visitations. These things come upon the enemies of a Prophet as punishments from heaven. Nature itself appears to be angry with them; the very elements are up in arms against them. All things that are God’s (and what is there that is not God’s?) stand up in opposition to the enemies of a Divine Messenger. Thus it is that both heaven and earth bear testimony to a Prophet’s truth.
It should be noted that all these signs were actually shown in the time of the Holy Prophet. As for the angels, they appeared at the Battle of Badr and were even seen by some of the disbelievers (Jarir, iv. 47), but those who were hard-hearted did not believe. They knew the Holy Prophet to be a truthful and upright man but, surrounded by evil associates and swayed by evil passions, they denied his claims. In the beginning even men like Abu Jahl were impressed by the truth and honesty of the Holy Prophet; for it is recorded that when the verses of the Quran were recited to Abu Jahl for the first time, he admitted that it was the truth. In spite of this, however, he exclaimed, "When did we follow the children of ‘Abd Manaf?" (an ancestor of the Holy Prophet), meaning that he could not accept the leadership of the Prophet. Thereafter he gradually increased in perversity, so much so that at the Battle of Badr he actually prayed to God to destroy whichever of them (meaning himself and the Holy Prophet) had created mischief and discord among his people. The prayer was heard, but he himself was its victim. His case is a typical instance of how the hearts of men were hardened because they rejected the Holy Prophet at the very outset, in spite of knowing him to be sincere and truthful.
The words, most of them behave ignorantly, imply that they will not believe unless God forces His will on them and compels them to accept the truth; but God will not do that, and these people are so foolhardy that they would not change their hostile attitude unless compelled to do so.
b
13:32.
453
天使的职能之一, 是向人们提出好的思想并要求他们接受真理 (41:32, 33)。有时他们通过梦和精神境界来完成这种职能。已死的正直的人们, 可以在梦中出现在人们眼前来为先知的宣称作证。还有另一种已死的人向人们说话的方式。一个精神已死的民族, 由於他们的先知的教导而在一种新的精神生活中复生时, 他们精神上的复生, 可以说是, 对不信的人在说话, 而且证实先知所宣称的真理。
454
这些话指的是自然界不同对象的明证, 这些对象以地震、瘟疫、饥馑、战争与其他天灾的形式来证明先知的真理。这样, 自然界本身看来对不信的人在生气; 各种自然力量在对他们进行战争。
a
13:32.
853
Commentary:
The subject of the previous verse is continued in this one. One of the functions of the angels is to suggest good ideas to men and to invite them to virtue (2:32). They sometimes perform this function through the medium of dreams and visions. The opening words of the verse refer to this very function.
The words, the dead speak to them, refer to the testimony of pious men of the past to the truth of a Divine Messenger either by means of prophecies which are handed down to posterity in writing or orally, or by their appearing to men in dreams and visions.
There is another way also in which the dead may speak to men. This happens when a person who is spiritually dead or a nation which is devoid of spiritual life is quickened to life by seeing the truth of their Prophet and then testifies to his truth before other persons or nations.
The words, and We gather to them all things face to face, refer to the testimony of the different objects of nature to the truth of a Prophet before his enemies. The different objects of nature bear testimony in the form of earthquakes, pestilences, storms, floods, famines and other visitations. These things come upon the enemies of a Prophet as punishments from heaven. Nature itself appears to be angry with them; the very elements are up in arms against them. All things that are God’s (and what is there that is not God’s?) stand up in opposition to the enemies of a Divine Messenger. Thus it is that both heaven and earth bear testimony to a Prophet’s truth.
It should be noted that all these signs were actually shown in the time of the Holy Prophet. As for the angels, they appeared at the Battle of Badr and were even seen by some of the disbelievers (Jarir, iv. 47), but those who were hard-hearted did not believe. They knew the Holy Prophet to be a truthful and upright man but, surrounded by evil associates and swayed by evil passions, they denied his claims. In the beginning even men like Abu Jahl were impressed by the truth and honesty of the Holy Prophet; for it is recorded that when the verses of the Quran were recited to Abu Jahl for the first time, he admitted that it was the truth. In spite of this, however, he exclaimed, "When did we follow the children of ‘Abd Manaf?" (an ancestor of the Holy Prophet), meaning that he could not accept the leadership of the Prophet. Thereafter he gradually increased in perversity, so much so that at the Battle of Badr he actually prayed to God to destroy whichever of them (meaning himself and the Holy Prophet) had created mischief and discord among his people. The prayer was heard, but he himself was its victim. His case is a typical instance of how the hearts of men were hardened because they rejected the Holy Prophet at the very outset, in spite of knowing him to be sincere and truthful.
The words, most of them behave ignorantly, imply that they will not believe unless God forces His will on them and compels them to accept the truth; but God will not do that, and these people are so foolhardy that they would not change their hostile attitude unless compelled to do so.
b
13:32.
898
One of the functions of the angels is to suggest good ideas to men and to invite them to truth (41:32, 33). Sometimes they perform this function through dreams and visions. The righteous, who are dead, appear to men in dreams to testify to the claim of the Prophets. There is another way in which the dead speak to men. When a people who are spiritually dead are quickened to a new spiritual life by the teaching of their Prophet, their spiritual regeneration, as it were, speaks to the disbelievers and testifies to the truth of his claim.
899
The words refer to the testimony of the different objects of nature which bear testimony to the truth of a Prophet in the form of earthquakes, pestilences, famines, wars and other visitations. Thus nature itself appears to be angry with disbelievers; the very elements are up in arms against them.
اَلَّذِیۡۤ اَحۡسَنَ کُلَّ شَیۡءٍ خَلَقَہٗ ۖ وَبَدَاَ خَلۡقَ الۡاِنۡسٰنِ مِنۡ طِیۡنٍ
6:3; 15:27; 37:12.
6:3; 15:27; 37:12.
6:3; 15:27; 37:12.
Commentary:
In this and the next few verses an illustration is given of how Islam from its very small beginnings will, as the result of its present renaissance, spread and become a mighty force. The illustration is to be found in the creation of man. Man’s origin is from mere clay and after going through a long process of development he is born a full-fledged human being, the apex and pride of the whole creation. In the same way, the verse implies that Islam will rise from its present very insignificant beginnings and will march from strength to strength. For a detailed explanation of how, starting from mere earth or clay and going through different stages of evolution, man takes his birth, see. 23:13, 15.
b
6:3; 15:27; 37:12.
b
6:3; 15:27; 37:12.
3064
Commentary:
In this and the next few verses an illustration is given of how Islam from its very small beginnings will, as the result of its present renaissance, spread and become a mighty force. The illustration is to be found in the creation of man. Man’s origin is from mere clay and after going through a long process of development he is born a full-fledged human being, the apex and pride of the whole creation. In the same way, the verse implies that Islam will rise from its present very insignificant beginnings and will march from strength to strength. For a detailed explanation of how, starting from mere earth or clay and going through different stages of evolution, man takes his birth, see. 23:13, 15.
b
6:3; 15:27; 37:12.
وَعَلَی الَّذِیۡنَ ہَادُوۡا حَرَّمۡنَا کُلَّ ذِیۡ ظُفُرٍ ۖ وَّمِنَ الۡبَقَرِ وَالۡغَنَمِ حَرَّمۡنَا عَلَیۡہِمۡ شُحُوۡمَہُمَاۤ اِلَّا مَا حَمَلَتۡ ظُہُوۡرُہُمَاۤ اَوِ الۡحَوَایَاۤ اَوۡ مَا اخۡتَلَطَ بِعَظۡمٍ ۚ ذٰلِکَ جَزَیۡنٰہُمۡ بِبَغۡیِہِمۡ ۖ وَاِنَّا لَصٰدِقُوۡنَ
16:119.
یعنی شکاری جانور۔
دیکھیئے احبار باب۳ آیت ۱۴ تا ۱۷
16:119.
See Lev. 3: 17 and 7: 23. In the Talmud, exception is made of the fat that sticks to the ribs.
These things were forbidden to the Jews as a punishment for their transgression.
16:119.
Commentary:
The reader is referred to the Bible (Lev. 3:17) where it is said, "Ye eat neither fat nor blood." Again, in Lev. 7:23 it is said "Ye shall eat no manner of fat of ox or of sheep or of goat." In the Talmud, exception is made of the fat that sticks to the ribs. Similarly, the Jews regard as lawful any fat that cannot be separated from the intestines and the flesh (Enc. Bib., cols. 1544-45). This corroborates the Quran which says, and of the oxen and the sheep and goats did We forbid them their fats, save that which their backs bear or the intestines, or that which is mixed with a bone.
It is declared in the previous verse that the only things forbidden in Islam are (1) carrion, (2) blood poured forth, (3) flesh of swine, and (4) the slaughtered animal on which the name of anyone other than God is pronounced. The Jews might, however, say that there are other things beside the above which are also forbidden them by God. The Quran, therefore, adds that it is true that there are other foods which are forbidden to Jews, but they have not been included in the prohibited things here enumerated; for, these things had been forbidden them not because they were unclean but as a punishment for their transgression. So the declaration of the previous verse still remains true.
c
16:119.
2
یعنی شکاری جانور۔
3
دیکھیئے احبار باب۳ آیت ۱۴ تا ۱۷
a
16:119.
886
Commentary:
The reader is referred to the Bible (Lev. 3:17) where it is said, "Ye eat neither fat nor blood." Again, in Lev. 7:23 it is said "Ye shall eat no manner of fat of ox or of sheep or of goat." In the Talmud, exception is made of the fat that sticks to the ribs. Similarly, the Jews regard as lawful any fat that cannot be separated from the intestines and the flesh (Enc. Bib., cols. 1544-45). This corroborates the Quran which says, and of the oxen and the sheep and goats did We forbid them their fats, save that which their backs bear or the intestines, or that which is mixed with a bone.
It is declared in the previous verse that the only things forbidden in Islam are (1) carrion, (2) blood poured forth, (3) flesh of swine, and (4) the slaughtered animal on which the name of anyone other than God is pronounced. The Jews might, however, say that there are other things beside the above which are also forbidden them by God. The Quran, therefore, adds that it is true that there are other foods which are forbidden to Jews, but they have not been included in the prohibited things here enumerated; for, these things had been forbidden them not because they were unclean but as a punishment for their transgression. So the declaration of the previous verse still remains true.
a
16:119.
925
See Lev. 3: 17 and 7: 23. In the Talmud, exception is made of the fat that sticks to the ribs.
926
These things were forbidden to the Jews as a punishment for their transgression.
وَلَوۡ شِئۡنَا لَاٰتَیۡنَا کُلَّ نَفۡسٍ ہُدٰٮہَا وَلٰکِنۡ حَقَّ الۡقَوۡلُ مِنِّیۡ لَاَمۡلَاَنَّ جَہَنَّمَ مِنَ الۡجِنَّۃِ وَالنَّاسِ اَجۡمَعِیۡنَ
11:120; 15:44; 38:86.
عربی الفاظ کے معنے یہ ہیں کہ ہم اسے اس کی ہدایت دیتے مگر مطلب یہ ہے کہ اس کے مناسب حال ہدایت دیتے۔
11:120; 15:44; 38:86.
The reference in these words is to 15:43, 44 where it is stated, 'Such of the erring ones as choose to follow thee, surely, Hell is the promised place for them,' meaning thereby that only the 'erring ones,' will be cast into Hell.
11:120; 15:44; 38:85-86.
Commentary:
The reference in the words "I will fill Hell with jinn and men all together" is to 15:43-44 where it is stated, "such of the erring ones as choose to follow thee, surely Hell is the promised place for them," meaning thereby that only the "erring ones" will be cast into Hell.
c
11:120; 15:44; 38:86.
4
عربی الفاظ کے معنے یہ ہیں کہ ہم اسے اس کی ہدایت دیتے مگر مطلب یہ ہے کہ اس کے مناسب حال ہدایت دیتے۔
a
11:120; 15:44; 38:85-86.
3067
Commentary:
The reference in the words "I will fill Hell with jinn and men all together" is to 15:43-44 where it is stated, "such of the erring ones as choose to follow thee, surely Hell is the promised place for them," meaning thereby that only the "erring ones" will be cast into Hell.
c
11:120; 15:44; 38:86.
2325
The reference in these words is to 15:43, 44 where it is stated, 'Such of the erring ones as choose to follow thee, surely, Hell is the promised place for them,' meaning thereby that only the 'erring ones,' will be cast into Hell.
قَدِ افۡتَرَیۡنَا عَلَی اللّٰہِ کَذِبًا اِنۡ عُدۡنَا فِیۡ مِلَّتِکُمۡ بَعۡدَ اِذۡ نَجّٰٮنَا اللّٰہُ مِنۡہَا ۚ وَمَا یَکُوۡنُ لَنَاۤ اَنۡ نَّعُوۡدَ فِیۡہَاۤ اِلَّاۤ اَنۡ یَّشَآءَ اللّٰہُ رَبُّنَا ۚ وَسِعَ رَبُّنَا کُلَّ شَیۡءٍ عِلۡمًا ۚ عَلَی اللّٰہِ تَوَکَّلۡنَا ۚ رَبَّنَا افۡتَحۡ بَیۡنَنَا وَبَیۡنَ قَوۡمِنَا بِالۡحَقِّ وَاَنۡتَ خَیۡرُ الۡفٰتِحِیۡنَ
2:256; 40:8.
2:256; 40:8.
2:256; 40:8.
Commentary:
The argument of the followers of Shu‘aib for not renouncing their religion is continued in this verse. There could be only two reasons, they said, for giving up their faith; firstly if they had been false and insincere in their profession of faith; secondly, if their religion itself had been false. But as neither of these two things was true, therefore, it was impossible for them to give up their faith. They further reinforce their argument by the words, Our Lord comprehends all things in His knowledge, meaning that when they are fully convinced of their religion being the religion of God and of God being always in the right, it is impossible for them to recant their faith. There is only one possibility of their doing so, i.e. that Allah, our Lord, should so will, viz. that some hidden weakness or sin of theirs may move God to cut them asunder like a diseased limb. But they have faith in their Lord and trust in Him Who has given them the opportunity and the power to accept the truth. He would not let them go astray because His permitting them to forsake the path of rectitude would be inconsistent with His attribute of being their رب or Lord.
The words, In Allah have we put our trust, are also intended to imply that, as the votaries of truth have perfect faith in God, so no amount of persecution can intimidate them into giving it up. They are encouraged and strengthened by constantly praying to God to protect them from the plots and machinations of their enemies.
b
2:256; 40:8.
b
2:256; 40:8.
988
Commentary:
The argument of the followers of Shu‘aib for not renouncing their religion is continued in this verse. There could be only two reasons, they said, for giving up their faith; firstly if they had been false and insincere in their profession of faith; secondly, if their religion itself had been false. But as neither of these two things was true, therefore, it was impossible for them to give up their faith. They further reinforce their argument by the words, Our Lord comprehends all things in His knowledge, meaning that when they are fully convinced of their religion being the religion of God and of God being always in the right, it is impossible for them to recant their faith. There is only one possibility of their doing so, i.e. that Allah, our Lord, should so will, viz. that some hidden weakness or sin of theirs may move God to cut them asunder like a diseased limb. But they have faith in their Lord and trust in Him Who has given them the opportunity and the power to accept the truth. He would not let them go astray because His permitting them to forsake the path of rectitude would be inconsistent with His attribute of being their رب or Lord.
The words, In Allah have we put our trust, are also intended to imply that, as the votaries of truth have perfect faith in God, so no amount of persecution can intimidate them into giving it up. They are encouraged and strengthened by constantly praying to God to protect them from the plots and machinations of their enemies.
a
2:256; 40:8.
سَاَصۡرِفُ عَنۡ اٰیٰتِیَ الَّذِیۡنَ یَتَکَبَّرُوۡنَ فِی الۡاَرۡضِ بِغَیۡرِ الۡحَقِّ وَاِنۡ یَّرَوۡا کُلَّ اٰیَۃٍ لَّا یُؤۡمِنُوۡا بِہَا وَاِنۡ یَّرَوۡا سَبِیۡلَ الرُّشۡدِ لَا یَتَّخِذُوۡہُ سَبِیۡلًا وَّاِنۡ یَّرَوۡا سَبِیۡلَ الۡغَیِّ یَتَّخِذُوۡہُ سَبِیۡلًا ۚ ذٰلِکَ بِاَنَّہُمۡ کَذَّبُوۡا بِاٰیٰتِنَا وَکَانُوۡا عَنۡہَا غٰفِلِیۡنَ
6:26.
6:26.
6:26.
Commentary:
This verse explains the true significance of the word دار (abode) occurring in the sentence, I shall show you the abode of the transgressors, contained in the preceding verse.
a
6:26.
a
6:26.
1036
Commentary:
This verse explains the true significance of the word دار (abode) occurring in the sentence, I shall show you the abode of the transgressors, contained in the preceding verse.
b
6:26.
۞ وَاکۡتُبۡ لَنَا فِیۡ ہٰذِہِ الدُّنۡیَا حَسَنَۃً وَّفِی الۡاٰخِرَۃِ اِنَّا ہُدۡنَاۤ اِلَیۡکَ ۚ قَالَ عَذَابِیۡۤ اُصِیۡبُ بِہٖ مَنۡ اَشَآءُ ۖ وَرَحۡمَتِیۡ وَسِعَتۡ کُلَّ شَیۡءٍ ۚ فَسَاَکۡتُبُہَا لِلَّذِیۡنَ یَتَّقُوۡنَ وَیُؤۡتُوۡنَ الزَّکٰوۃَ وَالَّذِیۡنَ ہُمۡ بِاٰیٰتِنَا یُؤۡمِنُوۡنَ
یعنی کبھی بلاوجہ عذاب نہیں دیتا بلکہ اکثر بخش دیتا ہوں۔
یعنی رحمت کافروں کو بھی پہنچے گی۔ مگر مومنوں کے لئے تو اسے فرض کر دیا گیا ہے۔
2:202.
2:285; 5:41.
40:8.
2:202.
2:285; 5:41.
40:8.
Commentary:
The sentence, so I will ordain it for those who act righteously and pay the Zakah and those who believe in Our Signs, consists of two parts. The first part, i.e. those who act righteously and pay the Zakah refers to those of the Israelites who sincerely believed in Moses and acted righteously, while the second part, i.e. and those who believe in Our signs, refers to the believers in the Prophets that were yet to come, particularly the Holy Prophet of Islam, as the following verse points out.
c
2:202.
d
2:285; 5:41.
e
40:8.
2
یعنی کبھی بلاوجہ عذاب نہیں دیتا بلکہ اکثر بخش دیتا ہوں۔
3
یعنی رحمت کافروں کو بھی پہنچے گی۔ مگر مومنوں کے لئے تو اسے فرض کر دیا گیا ہے۔
a
2:202.
b
2:285; 5:41.
c
40:8.
1046
Commentary:
The sentence, so I will ordain it for those who act righteously and pay the Zakah and those who believe in Our Signs, consists of two parts. The first part, i.e. those who act righteously and pay the Zakah refers to those of the Israelites who sincerely believed in Moses and acted righteously, while the second part, i.e. and those who believe in Our signs, refers to the believers in the Prophets that were yet to come, particularly the Holy Prophet of Islam, as the following verse points out.
a
2:202.
b
2:285; 5:41.
c
40:8.
اِذۡ یُوۡحِیۡ رَبُّکَ اِلَی الۡمَلٰٓئِکَۃِ اَنِّیۡ مَعَکُمۡ فَثَبِّتُوا الَّذِیۡنَ اٰمَنُوۡا ۚ سَاُلۡقِیۡ فِیۡ قُلُوۡبِ الَّذِیۡنَ کَفَرُوا الرُّعۡبَ فَاضۡرِبُوۡا فَوۡقَ الۡاَعۡنَاقِ وَاضۡرِبُوۡا مِنۡہُمۡ کُلَّ بَنَانٍ
就在头下方的颈部上半部, 被认为最容易受刀剑的攻击而受伤。
The upper part of the neck which is just below the head and is considered to be most vulnerable for dealing an effective blow with the sword.
Important Words:
فوق (upper part) is derived from فاق. They say فاقھم i.e. he was or became above them. So فوق means, the location or place that is above or over a person or a thing. They say فوقه رأسه i.e. his upper part is his head (Lane).
Commentary:
This verse shows that the angels are, as it were, intermediaries between God and men. It is through them that God’sassistance comes to men.
The verse also hints that there are some angels whose function is to strengthen the hearts of good men and make them firm, while there are others who are deputed to cast terror into the hearts of wicked men. So God bade the former class of angels to strengthen the hearts of the believers and told them that He would cast terror into the hearts of the disbelievers through the other class of angels.
God instructed the believers to strike the disbelievers at "the upper parts of their necks" because the upper part of the neck, i.e. that which is just below the head, is considered to be the best point for dealing an effective blow with the sword. This order related to such of the enemy as deserved to be killed and without killing whom the Muslims could not defend themselves. The striking on the “finger-tips” was meant to incapacitate the enemy and make them unfit for fighting. This order thus related to those of the enemy who, so far as possible, were to be spared with the infliction of minimum injury. Both these orders were faithfully carried out, for although the Muslims were very weak at Badr, they were able to kill seventy of the disbelievers, mostly leaders, and take as many prisoners, while the enemy could kill only fourteen of them.
539
就在头下方的颈部上半部, 被认为最容易受刀剑的攻击而受伤。
1103
Important Words:
فوق (upper part) is derived from فاق. They say فاقھم i.e. he was or became above them. So فوق means, the location or place that is above or over a person or a thing. They say فوقه رأسه i.e. his upper part is his head (Lane).
Commentary:
This verse shows that the angels are, as it were, intermediaries between God and men. It is through them that God’sassistance comes to men.
The verse also hints that there are some angels whose function is to strengthen the hearts of good men and make them firm, while there are others who are deputed to cast terror into the hearts of wicked men. So God bade the former class of angels to strengthen the hearts of the believers and told them that He would cast terror into the hearts of the disbelievers through the other class of angels.
God instructed the believers to strike the disbelievers at "the upper parts of their necks" because the upper part of the neck, i.e. that which is just below the head, is considered to be the best point for dealing an effective blow with the sword. This order related to such of the enemy as deserved to be killed and without killing whom the Muslims could not defend themselves. The striking on the “finger-tips” was meant to incapacitate the enemy and make them unfit for fighting. This order thus related to those of the enemy who, so far as possible, were to be spared with the infliction of minimum injury. Both these orders were faithfully carried out, for although the Muslims were very weak at Badr, they were able to kill seventy of the disbelievers, mostly leaders, and take as many prisoners, while the enemy could kill only fourteen of them.
1104
The upper part of the neck which is just below the head and is considered to be most vulnerable for dealing an effective blow with the sword.
فَاِذَا انۡسَلَخَ الۡاَشۡہُرُ الۡحُرُمُ فَاقۡتُلُوا الۡمُشۡرِکِیۡنَ حَیۡثُ وَجَدتُّمُوۡہُمۡ وَخُذُوۡہُمۡ وَاحۡصُرُوۡہُمۡ وَاقۡعُدُوۡا لَہُمۡ کُلَّ مَرۡصَدٍ ۚ فَاِنۡ تَابُوۡا وَاَقَامُوا الصَّلٰوۃَ وَاٰتَوُا الزَّکٰوۃَ فَخَلُّوۡا سَبِیۡلَہُمۡ ۚ اِنَّ اللّٰہَ غَفُوۡرٌ رَّحِیۡمٌ
7:157; 9:11.
“禁战的四个月” 是伊历十一月、十二月, 一月、七月, 前面三个月是大朝觐月, 而最后一个月阿拉伯人一般用它完成小朝 (عُمْرَة, ‘Umrah) 活动 (2:195和2:218)。اَشْهُرُالْحُرُمْ (Ashhurul-Hurum) 并不意指 “圣月”, 而是 “禁月”, 指的是以上9:2所谈到的四个月。在这四个月中, 上述的多神教徒可以得到保护, 去各处旅行, 亲眼看看是否伊斯兰教已经胜利, 是否安拉的话已经实现。在这一时期结束时, (在这一时期内所有敌对行动都暂时停止, )对那些伊斯兰教的死敌恢复战争, 因为他们开始了敌对行动和不断地破坏了他们的誓言。这种最后通牒的理由, 见9:8-13节经文。至於那些没有背信弃义的多神教徒, 他们是得到保护的 (9:4, 7)。
那些和穆斯林作战过但还没有要求同他们签订新条约的多神教徒。
即使是那些伊斯兰教的敌人, 在他们手中穆斯林受过非常严重的损失, 如果他们悔改并自愿接受伊斯兰教, 可以得到宽恕。事实上, 有大量多神教徒在心底里相信伊斯兰教的真理, 可是或者由於自负, 或者害怕迫害, 或者由於其他种种考虑, 没能公开承认信仰。这节经文使这种人确信, 如果他们之中任何一个即使在战时宣称他信仰伊斯兰教, 他的 (承诺) 声明不会被认为是虚假的, 或者把它当作安然逃脱的行动。
یعنی مقررہ چار مہینے جن میں ان کو ملک میں پھرنے کی اجازت دی گئی ہے۔
اس سے یہ نتیجہ نہیں نکلتا کہ کفار سے اس وقت تک لڑنا چاہیے جب تک کہ وہ مسلمان نہ ہو جائیں کیونکہ اس جگہ عام کفار کا ذکر نہیں بلکہ ان کفار کا ذکر ہے جو آٹھ سال تک رسول کریم صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم سے لڑتے رہے اور مکہ فتح ہو جانے پر بھی معاہدہ کرنے کی طرف توجہ نہ کی۔
7:157; 9:11.
"The forbidden months" are the four months of Dhul-Qa‘dah, Dhul- Hijjah, Muharram and Rajab, the first three being the months of the Greater Pilgrimage, while in the last the Arabs generally performed the Lesser Pilgrimage or ‘Umrah (2:195 & 2:218). The term Ashhurul-Hurum does not signify "sacred months" but "forbidden months" and refers to the four months mentioned in 9:2 above. In these months the above-mentioned idolaters were granted protection to travel through the land and see for themselves whether Islam had not triumphed and whether the word of God had not been fulfilled. At the end of this period, during which all hostilities were to remain suspended, war was to be resumed against such avowed enemies of Islam as had themselves started hostilities and had repeatedly broken their plighted word. The reason for this ultimatum is given in vv. 9:8-13. As for those idolaters who had not been guilty of faithlessness and treachery, they were to be protecte
Those idolaters who had fought with the Muslims and had not yet asked for a fresh treaty with them.
Even those enemies of Islam at whose hands Muslims had suffered very grievous losses were to be forgiven if they repented and accepted Islam of their own free will. In fact, there was a large number of men among the idolaters who, in their heart of hearts, had been convinced of the truth of Islam, but who, either through pride or for fear of persecution or other considerations, had refrained from making open confession of faith. This verse assured such people that if anyone of them declared his faith in Islam even during the war, his confession would not be taken as hypocritical or as having been made to save his skin.
7:157; 9:11.
Commentary:
The term الاشھر الحرم is generally applied to the four sacred months of Shawwal, Dhul-Qa‘dah, Dhul-Hijjah and Rajab, the first three being the months of the Greater Pilgrimage, while in the last the Arabs generally performed the Lesser Pilgrimage or ‘Umrah (see notes on 2:195 and 2:218). In this verse, however, the words الاشھر الحرم signify not the "sacred months", but "forbidden months" and refer to the four months mentioned in 9:2 above. These were meant to grant a respite to idolaters to travel through the land in safety and see whether Islam had not triumphed and whether the Word of God had not proved true. At the end of this period, during which all hostilities were to be suspended, war was to be resumed against the idolatrous Arabs with the exception, of course, of such as had entered into a treaty with Muslims, and the treacherous and faithless idolaters already at war with Muslims were to be captured and killed wherever found. It should, however, be remembered that the command to wage war after the expiry of the four forbidden months did not apply to all idolaters without discrimination, but was directed only against such avowed enemies of Islam as had themselves started hostilities against Islam and had broken their plighted word and plotted to expel the Holy Prophet from the city. The reason for this ultimatum is given in the following few verses, viz. 9:8-13. As for those idolaters who had been guilty of faithlessness and treachery, they were to be protected (see 9:4, 7). It is highly regrettable, however, that, divorcing this commandment from its context, some critics have made this verse the basis for an attack against Islam, alleging that it inculcates the destruction of all non-Muslims. The Quran and history belie this baseless allegation.
The words, and lie in wait for them at every place of ambush, mean that a strict watch should be kept over the movements of the enemy that he may not be able to create mischief and carry on malicious propaganda against Muslims. The very words of the verse point to the existence of a great danger. These times were indeed very hard for Muslims. On the one hand, the Eastern Roman Empire was preparing to attack them and, on the other, the internal enemies of Islam were hatching plots to bring about its downfall.
The words, But if they repent..., show that even those enemies of Islam at whose hands Muslims had suffered such grievous losses were to be forgiven, if they repented and accepted Islam of their own free will. That no compulsion was to be used is clear from the very next verse, as also from the fundamental injunction laid down in 2:257. The truth is that there was a large number of men among the idolaters who, in their heart of hearts, believed in the truth of Islam, but who, either through pride or for fear of others or for other reasons, refrained from making an open confession of faith. This verse was intended to convey to such people that if anyone of them declared his faith in Islam even during the war, his confession would not be taken as hypocritical or as made to save his skin. A conclusive proof of the fact, that there were many among idolaters who were at heart inclined to Islam but were afraid to declare their faith openly owing to fear of persecution, is that whenever war ceased, there was a rush for conversion to Islam. The two years of peace that followed the Treaty of Hudaibiyyah brought over a very large number of disbelievers to Islam. They could not have joined Islam in such large numbers if they had not been believers in their hearts, having been held back only by fear of persecution. There are even cases on record of men accepting Islam in the thick of battle. Muslims did not at first spare such men, thinking that they had done so merely to save their lives. The Holy Prophet, however, took such Muslims severely to the task, asking them if they had torn open the hearts of those people and had satisfied themselves that they were really devoid of sincerity. It is for this reason that the Quran directs Muslims not to harm such men from among the idolaters as profess their faith in Islam and observe the commandments of God, for only God knows whether they are true Muslims or not.
"Merciful" at the end of the verse shows that the conduct of idolaters had been such as to make them deserving of the severest of punishment, and that to extend forgiveness to them even on their abandonment of idolatry was really an act of mercy.
a
7:157; 9:11.
555
“禁战的四个月” 是伊历十一月、十二月, 一月、七月, 前面三个月是大朝觐月, 而最后一个月阿拉伯人一般用它完成小朝 (عُمْرَة, ‘Umrah) 活动 (2:195和2:218)。اَشْهُرُالْحُرُمْ (Ashhurul-Hurum) 并不意指 “圣月”, 而是 “禁月”, 指的是以上9:2所谈到的四个月。在这四个月中, 上述的多神教徒可以得到保护, 去各处旅行, 亲眼看看是否伊斯兰教已经胜利, 是否安拉的话已经实现。在这一时期结束时, (在这一时期内所有敌对行动都暂时停止, )对那些伊斯兰教的死敌恢复战争, 因为他们开始了敌对行动和不断地破坏了他们的誓言。这种最后通牒的理由, 见9:8-13节经文。至於那些没有背信弃义的多神教徒, 他们是得到保护的 (9:4, 7)。
556
那些和穆斯林作战过但还没有要求同他们签订新条约的多神教徒。
557
即使是那些伊斯兰教的敌人, 在他们手中穆斯林受过非常严重的损失, 如果他们悔改并自愿接受伊斯兰教, 可以得到宽恕。事实上, 有大量多神教徒在心底里相信伊斯兰教的真理, 可是或者由於自负, 或者害怕迫害, 或者由於其他种种考虑, 没能公开承认信仰。这节经文使这种人确信, 如果他们之中任何一个即使在战时宣称他信仰伊斯兰教, 他的 (承诺) 声明不会被认为是虚假的, 或者把它当作安然逃脱的行动。
2
یعنی مقررہ چار مہینے جن میں ان کو ملک میں پھرنے کی اجازت دی گئی ہے۔
3
اس سے یہ نتیجہ نہیں نکلتا کہ کفار سے اس وقت تک لڑنا چاہیے جب تک کہ وہ مسلمان نہ ہو جائیں کیونکہ اس جگہ عام کفار کا ذکر نہیں بلکہ ان کفار کا ذکر ہے جو آٹھ سال تک رسول کریم صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم سے لڑتے رہے اور مکہ فتح ہو جانے پر بھی معاہدہ کرنے کی طرف توجہ نہ کی۔
b
7:157; 9:11.
1168
Commentary:
The term الاشھر الحرم is generally applied to the four sacred months of Shawwal, Dhul-Qa‘dah, Dhul-Hijjah and Rajab, the first three being the months of the Greater Pilgrimage, while in the last the Arabs generally performed the Lesser Pilgrimage or ‘Umrah (see notes on 2:195 and 2:218). In this verse, however, the words الاشھر الحرم signify not the "sacred months", but "forbidden months" and refer to the four months mentioned in 9:2 above. These were meant to grant a respite to idolaters to travel through the land in safety and see whether Islam had not triumphed and whether the Word of God had not proved true. At the end of this period, during which all hostilities were to be suspended, war was to be resumed against the idolatrous Arabs with the exception, of course, of such as had entered into a treaty with Muslims, and the treacherous and faithless idolaters already at war with Muslims were to be captured and killed wherever found. It should, however, be remembered that the command to wage war after the expiry of the four forbidden months did not apply to all idolaters without discrimination, but was directed only against such avowed enemies of Islam as had themselves started hostilities against Islam and had broken their plighted word and plotted to expel the Holy Prophet from the city. The reason for this ultimatum is given in the following few verses, viz. 9:8-13. As for those idolaters who had been guilty of faithlessness and treachery, they were to be protected (see 9:4, 7). It is highly regrettable, however, that, divorcing this commandment from its context, some critics have made this verse the basis for an attack against Islam, alleging that it inculcates the destruction of all non-Muslims. The Quran and history belie this baseless allegation.
The words, and lie in wait for them at every place of ambush, mean that a strict watch should be kept over the movements of the enemy that he may not be able to create mischief and carry on malicious propaganda against Muslims. The very words of the verse point to the existence of a great danger. These times were indeed very hard for Muslims. On the one hand, the Eastern Roman Empire was preparing to attack them and, on the other, the internal enemies of Islam were hatching plots to bring about its downfall.
The words, But if they repent..., show that even those enemies of Islam at whose hands Muslims had suffered such grievous losses were to be forgiven, if they repented and accepted Islam of their own free will. That no compulsion was to be used is clear from the very next verse, as also from the fundamental injunction laid down in 2:257. The truth is that there was a large number of men among the idolaters who, in their heart of hearts, believed in the truth of Islam, but who, either through pride or for fear of others or for other reasons, refrained from making an open confession of faith. This verse was intended to convey to such people that if anyone of them declared his faith in Islam even during the war, his confession would not be taken as hypocritical or as made to save his skin. A conclusive proof of the fact, that there were many among idolaters who were at heart inclined to Islam but were afraid to declare their faith openly owing to fear of persecution, is that whenever war ceased, there was a rush for conversion to Islam. The two years of peace that followed the Treaty of Hudaibiyyah brought over a very large number of disbelievers to Islam. They could not have joined Islam in such large numbers if they had not been believers in their hearts, having been held back only by fear of persecution. There are even cases on record of men accepting Islam in the thick of battle. Muslims did not at first spare such men, thinking that they had done so merely to save their lives. The Holy Prophet, however, took such Muslims severely to the task, asking them if they had torn open the hearts of those people and had satisfied themselves that they were really devoid of sincerity. It is for this reason that the Quran directs Muslims not to harm such men from among the idolaters as profess their faith in Islam and observe the commandments of God, for only God knows whether they are true Muslims or not.
"Merciful" at the end of the verse shows that the conduct of idolaters had been such as to make them deserving of the severest of punishment, and that to extend forgiveness to them even on their abandonment of idolatry was really an act of mercy.
a
7:157; 9:11.
1155A
"The forbidden months" are the four months of Dhul-Qa‘dah, Dhul- Hijjah, Muharram and Rajab, the first three being the months of the Greater Pilgrimage, while in the last the Arabs generally performed the Lesser Pilgrimage or ‘Umrah (2:195 & 2:218). The term Ashhurul-Hurum does not signify "sacred months" but "forbidden months" and refers to the four months mentioned in 9:2 above. In these months the above-mentioned idolaters were granted protection to travel through the land and see for themselves whether Islam had not triumphed and whether the word of God had not been fulfilled. At the end of this period, during which all hostilities were to remain suspended, war was to be resumed against such avowed enemies of Islam as had themselves started hostilities and had repeatedly broken their plighted word. The reason for this ultimatum is given in vv. 9:8-13. As for those idolaters who had not been guilty of faithlessness and treachery, they were to be protecte
1156
Those idolaters who had fought with the Muslims and had not yet asked for a fresh treaty with them.
1157
Even those enemies of Islam at whose hands Muslims had suffered very grievous losses were to be forgiven if they repented and accepted Islam of their own free will. In fact, there was a large number of men among the idolaters who, in their heart of hearts, had been convinced of the truth of Islam, but who, either through pride or for fear of persecution or other considerations, had refrained from making open confession of faith. This verse assured such people that if anyone of them declared his faith in Islam even during the war, his confession would not be taken as hypocritical or as having been made to save his skin.
وَالَّذِیۡنَ کَفَرُوۡا لَہُمۡ نَارُ جَہَنَّمَ لَا یُقۡضٰی عَلَیۡہِمۡ فَیَمُوۡتُوۡا وَلَا یُخَفَّفُ عَنۡہُمۡ مِّنۡ عَذَابِہَا ۚ کَذٰلِکَ نَجۡزِیۡ کُلَّ کَفُوۡرٍ
20:75; 87:14.
20:75; 87:14.
20:75; 87:14.
Commentary:
As contrasted with the Paradise promised to believers and briefly but beautifully portrayed in the preceding verse, a description of the fire of Hell in which disbelievers will burn has been given in the present verse. That fire is the burning of the heart and the absence of peace of mind. There could be no greater Hell in this world than loss of mental peace and poise.
d
20:75; 87:14.
b
20:75; 87:14.
3204
Commentary:
As contrasted with the Paradise promised to believers and briefly but beautifully portrayed in the preceding verse, a description of the fire of Hell in which disbelievers will burn has been given in the present verse. That fire is the burning of the heart and the absence of peace of mind. There could be no greater Hell in this world than loss of mental peace and poise.
b
20:75; 87:14.
وَاَنِ اسۡتَغۡفِرُوۡا رَبَّکُمۡ ثُمَّ تُوۡبُوۡۤا اِلَیۡہِ یُمَتِّعۡکُمۡ مَّتٰعًا حَسَنًا اِلٰۤی اَجَلٍ مُّسَمًّی وَّیُؤۡتِ کُلَّ ذِیۡ فَضۡلٍ فَضۡلَہٗ ۖ وَاِنۡ تَوَلَّوۡا فَاِنِّیۡۤ اَخَافُ عَلَیۡکُمۡ عَذَابَ یَوۡمٍ کَبِیۡرٍ
11:53, 62; 71:11.
The verse shows that the stage of Taubah comes after, and is higher than, Istighfar in the spiritual development of man. Taubah is an act of sincere and wholehearted turning to God after His protection has been sought against the evil effects of past sins. What better means than this can be imagined to attain God’s nearness?
11:53, 62; 71:11.
Important Words:
کبیر (dreadful) is derived from کبر which means, he or it was or became great in estimation or rank or dignity; or he or it became big or large in corporeal substance or in years. They say کبر الامر i.e. the affair was or became of great moment. کبر علیه الامر means, the affair was or became difficult, hard, severe, grievous, distressing or burdensome to him. کبیر means, great in corporeal substance; or in estimation or rank or dignity; great and noble; a lord or chief; greatest or oldest ancestor; old or advanced in age; also full-grown and adolescent; the most knowing or learned of a people; difficult, severe, grievous, distressing and burdensome. It is synonymous with عظیم with the difference that, whereas the latter word generally means great in comparison with others, the former means great in itself. الکبیر as an epithet applied to God is generally considered to be synonymous with العظیم which means, the Incomparably Great (Lane).
Commentary:
In the previous verse, the attention of man was drawn to the object of his creation. But as he has to face many obstacles and impediments which hinder the realization of his ideal, he has therefore been advised in the present verse to seek God’s help for the removal of those obstructions and hindrances which, in the form of the dross and rust of sin, continue to accumulate round his heart and eventually completely cover it. The Arabic word used here is استغفار (seeking forgiveness), which literally means "to pray to God that He should cover up". In this sense of the word the injunction embodied in the verse signifies that we should always pray to God that He should cover up and suppress those of our evil inclinations and desires which hinder us from attaining His nearness.
The expression, then turn to Him, means that when we have successfully suppressed and overcome our evil desires, we should turn to God that He may engender in our hearts such love for Himself as may help us to attain His nearness. This shows that it is only when evil desires, which excite the displeasure of God, have been successfully suppressed and the love of God becomes engendered in our hearts that we can truly turn to Him. Incidentally, the verse also shows that the stage of توبة (turning to God) comes after استغفار (seeking forgiveness and praying to God for the removal of the evil effects of our sins and the suppression of our evil inclinations).
Those who think that the Islamic doctrine of توبة (turning to God) encourages sin are utterly ignorant of its real significance. It is indeed foolish to think that the man who is engaged in making a sincere effort to remove the evil effects of his sins and to suppress his evil desires is making only a lip-profession. In fact, توبة (repentance) does not consist in merely uttering words of repentance. It is an act of sincere and whole-hearted turning to God after His protection has been sought against the evil effects of past sins. What better way than this can there be to attain the nearness of God? The words, an appointed term, mean the period ordained by God for the followers of a Prophet. The words, He will grant His grace to every one possessed of merit, refer to spiritual blessings in both this life and the life to come.
A thing is said to be کبیر (lit. great) both with regard to its extensiveness and its intensity and gravity. Hence the words, the punishment of a dreadful (lit. great) day, mean that in case the people rejected God’s teaching, they would be visited with a punishment which would not only be of long duration but would also be most distressing, so that it would indeed be hard for disbelievers to bear.
e
11:53, 62; 71:11.
607
这节经文表明, 悔改这个阶段在人类精神发展过程中出现在祈求宽恕之后, 并高于后者。悔改是对过去罪恶的不良结果求得了安拉的保护之后虔诚和全心全意地归向安拉。为了接近安拉, 还可想象出什么比这更好的方法呢?
a
11:53, 62; 71:11.
1385
Important Words:
کبیر (dreadful) is derived from کبر which means, he or it was or became great in estimation or rank or dignity; or he or it became big or large in corporeal substance or in years. They say کبر الامر i.e. the affair was or became of great moment. کبر علیه الامر means, the affair was or became difficult, hard, severe, grievous, distressing or burdensome to him. کبیر means, great in corporeal substance; or in estimation or rank or dignity; great and noble; a lord or chief; greatest or oldest ancestor; old or advanced in age; also full-grown and adolescent; the most knowing or learned of a people; difficult, severe, grievous, distressing and burdensome. It is synonymous with عظیم with the difference that, whereas the latter word generally means great in comparison with others, the former means great in itself. الکبیر as an epithet applied to God is generally considered to be synonymous with العظیم which means, the Incomparably Great (Lane).
Commentary:
In the previous verse, the attention of man was drawn to the object of his creation. But as he has to face many obstacles and impediments which hinder the realization of his ideal, he has therefore been advised in the present verse to seek God’s help for the removal of those obstructions and hindrances which, in the form of the dross and rust of sin, continue to accumulate round his heart and eventually completely cover it. The Arabic word used here is استغفار (seeking forgiveness), which literally means "to pray to God that He should cover up". In this sense of the word the injunction embodied in the verse signifies that we should always pray to God that He should cover up and suppress those of our evil inclinations and desires which hinder us from attaining His nearness.
The expression, then turn to Him, means that when we have successfully suppressed and overcome our evil desires, we should turn to God that He may engender in our hearts such love for Himself as may help us to attain His nearness. This shows that it is only when evil desires, which excite the displeasure of God, have been successfully suppressed and the love of God becomes engendered in our hearts that we can truly turn to Him. Incidentally, the verse also shows that the stage of توبة (turning to God) comes after استغفار (seeking forgiveness and praying to God for the removal of the evil effects of our sins and the suppression of our evil inclinations).
Those who think that the Islamic doctrine of توبة (turning to God) encourages sin are utterly ignorant of its real significance. It is indeed foolish to think that the man who is engaged in making a sincere effort to remove the evil effects of his sins and to suppress his evil desires is making only a lip-profession. In fact, توبة (repentance) does not consist in merely uttering words of repentance. It is an act of sincere and whole-hearted turning to God after His protection has been sought against the evil effects of past sins. What better way than this can there be to attain the nearness of God? The words, an appointed term, mean the period ordained by God for the followers of a Prophet. The words, He will grant His grace to every one possessed of merit, refer to spiritual blessings in both this life and the life to come.
A thing is said to be کبیر (lit. great) both with regard to its extensiveness and its intensity and gravity. Hence the words, the punishment of a dreadful (lit. great) day, mean that in case the people rejected God’s teaching, they would be visited with a punishment which would not only be of long duration but would also be most distressing, so that it would indeed be hard for disbelievers to bear.
e
11:53, 62; 71:11.
1295
The verse shows that the stage of Taubah comes after, and is higher than, Istighfar in the spiritual development of man. Taubah is an act of sincere and wholehearted turning to God after His protection has been sought against the evil effects of past sins. What better means than this can be imagined to attain God’s nearness?
فَلَمَّا سَمِعَتۡ بِمَکۡرِہِنَّ اَرۡسَلَتۡ اِلَیۡہِنَّ وَاَعۡتَدَتۡ لَہُنَّ مُتَّکَـًٔا وَّاٰتَتۡ کُلَّ وٰحِدَۃٍ مِّنۡہُنَّ سِکِّیۡنًا وَّقَالَتِ اخۡرُجۡ عَلَیۡہِنَّ ۖ فَلَمَّا رَاَیۡنَہٗۤ اَکۡبَرۡنَہٗ وَقَطَّعۡنَ اَیۡدِیَہُنَّ وَقُلۡنَ حٰشَ لِلّٰہِ مَا ہٰذَا بَشَرًا اِنۡ ہٰذَاۤ اِلَّا مَلَکٌ کَرِیۡمٌ
یعنی انگلیاں دانتوں میں دبالیں۔
12:51.
12:52.
They thought very highly of him.
The expression, cut their hands, may signify that when the women looked at Joseph, they were so struck with his saintly and handsome visage that in a state of forgetfulness some of them happened to cut their hands with the knives they were holding in their hands. Or the sentence may be taken as figuratively expressing their wonder and amazement. The Arabic expression, ‘Addul Anamili, i.e. biting the finger-ends is also used to express surprise, and because sometimes the whole of a thing is used for a part, the word 'hands' may be said to have been here used for 'finger-ends.' According to the Talmud, oranges were served to the guests and the women inadvertently cut their hands owing to their being engrossed in looking at Joseph (Jew. Enc. & Talmud).
12:51.
12:52.
Important Words:
متکا (repast) is derived from وکأ. They say, واکأعلی یدیه i.e. he leaned upon his hands or arms. اوکأه means, he set up for him a thing upon which to recline. اتکأ means, he sat leaning upon one of his sides; he leaned or rested his back or his side against a thing; he leaned or reclined upon a thing; he reclined upon a cushion. They say اتکأنا عند فلان i.e. we ate a repast with such a one. متکأ means, a place in which one reclines: a chamber or sitting room; that upon which one leans or reclines in eating, drinking or talking; food or repast, so called because high people used to recline when they sat to eat (Lane & Aqrab).
حاش لله (Allah be glorified). حاش is derived from حشی which means, he breathed short or he panted for breath or was out of breath. حاشاه منھم means, he set him aside as excluded from the description of the company or party; he excluded him from them, i.e. made an exception in regard to him. حاش لك means, far art thou from being included among those of whom I speak. حاش لله means, I ascribe unto God remoteness from every imperfection or freedom therefrom; generally implying wonder or admiration. The expression may be rendered as "How far or how free is God from every imperfection!" It is also used in the sense of معاذ الله i.e. I seek protection by God (Lane).
Commentary:
The verse purports to say that when Potiphar’s wife heard of what the women in the city were saying about her infatuation for Joseph, she thought they really believed her to be guilty though outwardly they talked in such a manner as to show that they sought to exculpate her. So in order to remove their suspicions, she invited them to a feast. Tables were laid and a knife was provided for each of them. When all the guests were assembled, she asked Joseph to come out and serve them, but hardly had they cast a glance over his face when his innocent look and angelic appearance made them convinced of the purity of his conduct and all their suspicions so far as Joseph was concerned were dissipated.
The expression, cut their hands, may mean that when the women looked at Joseph, they were so struck with his saintly appearance that in a state of forgetfulness some of them happened to cut their hands with the knives they had. Or the sentence may be taken as figuratively expressing their wonder and amazement. The Arabic expression عض الانامل (biting the finger ends) is also used to express surprise, and, as sometimes the whole is used for a part, therefore the word "hands" may be said to have been here used for "finger-ends." According to the Talmud, oranges were served to the guests and the women inadvertently cut their hands owing to their being engrossed in looking at Joseph (Jew. Enc. & Talmud).
Incidentally, the verse shows that the word "angel" can also be used for a righteous and holy man. The verse also throws interesting light on the social customs of those days—the laying of cushioned seats and the use of knives, etc.
a
12:51.
b
12:52.
2
یعنی انگلیاں دانتوں میں دبالیں۔
a
12:51.
b
12:52.
1535
Important Words:
متکا (repast) is derived from وکأ. They say, واکأعلی یدیه i.e. he leaned upon his hands or arms. اوکأه means, he set up for him a thing upon which to recline. اتکأ means, he sat leaning upon one of his sides; he leaned or rested his back or his side against a thing; he leaned or reclined upon a thing; he reclined upon a cushion. They say اتکأنا عند فلان i.e. we ate a repast with such a one. متکأ means, a place in which one reclines: a chamber or sitting room; that upon which one leans or reclines in eating, drinking or talking; food or repast, so called because high people used to recline when they sat to eat (Lane & Aqrab).
حاش لله (Allah be glorified). حاش is derived from حشی which means, he breathed short or he panted for breath or was out of breath. حاشاه منھم means, he set him aside as excluded from the description of the company or party; he excluded him from them, i.e. made an exception in regard to him. حاش لك means, far art thou from being included among those of whom I speak. حاش لله means, I ascribe unto God remoteness from every imperfection or freedom therefrom; generally implying wonder or admiration. The expression may be rendered as "How far or how free is God from every imperfection!" It is also used in the sense of معاذ الله i.e. I seek protection by God (Lane).
Commentary:
The verse purports to say that when Potiphar’s wife heard of what the women in the city were saying about her infatuation for Joseph, she thought they really believed her to be guilty though outwardly they talked in such a manner as to show that they sought to exculpate her. So in order to remove their suspicions, she invited them to a feast. Tables were laid and a knife was provided for each of them. When all the guests were assembled, she asked Joseph to come out and serve them, but hardly had they cast a glance over his face when his innocent look and angelic appearance made them convinced of the purity of his conduct and all their suspicions so far as Joseph was concerned were dissipated.
The expression, cut their hands, may mean that when the women looked at Joseph, they were so struck with his saintly appearance that in a state of forgetfulness some of them happened to cut their hands with the knives they had. Or the sentence may be taken as figuratively expressing their wonder and amazement. The Arabic expression عض الانامل (biting the finger ends) is also used to express surprise, and, as sometimes the whole is used for a part, therefore the word "hands" may be said to have been here used for "finger-ends." According to the Talmud, oranges were served to the guests and the women inadvertently cut their hands owing to their being engrossed in looking at Joseph (Jew. Enc. & Talmud).
Incidentally, the verse shows that the word "angel" can also be used for a righteous and holy man. The verse also throws interesting light on the social customs of those days—the laying of cushioned seats and the use of knives, etc.
a
12:51.
b
12:52.
1379A
They thought very highly of him.
1380
The expression, cut their hands, may signify that when the women looked at Joseph, they were so struck with his saintly and handsome visage that in a state of forgetfulness some of them happened to cut their hands with the knives they were holding in their hands. Or the sentence may be taken as figuratively expressing their wonder and amazement. The Arabic expression, ‘Addul Anamili, i.e. biting the finger-ends is also used to express surprise, and because sometimes the whole of a thing is used for a part, the word 'hands' may be said to have been here used for 'finger-ends.' According to the Talmud, oranges were served to the guests and the women inadvertently cut their hands owing to their being engrossed in looking at Joseph (Jew. Enc. & Talmud).
لِیَجۡزِیَ اللّٰہُ کُلَّ نَفۡسٍ مَّا کَسَبَتۡ ۚ اِنَّ اللّٰہَ سَرِیۡعُ الۡحِسَابِ
40:18; 45:23; 74:39.
40:18; 45:23; 74:39.
a
40:18; 45:23; 74:39.
a
40:18; 45:23; 74:39.
1706
Commentary:
The word "earned" shows that God will reward disbelievers according to their works.
For the expression, swift at reckoning, see 13:42.
c
40:18; 45:23; 74:39.
تُؤۡتِیۡۤ اُکُلَہَا کُلَّ حِیۡنٍۭ بِاِذۡنِ رَبِّہَا ۗ وَیَضۡرِبُ اللّٰہُ الۡاَمۡثَالَ لِلنَّاسِ لَعَلَّہُمۡ یَتَذَکَّرُوۡنَ
13:18; 29:44.
اس آیت میں یہ بتایا گیا ہے کہ اسلام کا جو شجرہ طیّبہ ہے اس میں ہمیشہ خدا رسیدہ لوگ پیدا ہوتے رہیں گے۔ مگر باقی مذاہب میں نہیں۔ یہ اس کا ثبوت ہوگا‘ کہ وہ شجرۂ خبیثہ ہو گئے ہیں۔
13:18; 29:44.
c
13:18; 29:44.
1
اس آیت میں یہ بتایا گیا ہے کہ اسلام کا جو شجرہ طیّبہ ہے اس میں ہمیشہ خدا رسیدہ لوگ پیدا ہوتے رہیں گے۔ مگر باقی مذاہب میں نہیں۔ یہ اس کا ثبوت ہوگا‘ کہ وہ شجرۂ خبیثہ ہو گئے ہیں۔
a
13:18; 29:44.
1680
Commentary:
See under the preceding verse.
a
13:18; 29:44.
وَقَالَ الَّذِیۡنَ کَفَرُوۡا ہَلۡ نَدُلُّکُمۡ عَلٰی رَجُلٍ یُّنَبِّئُکُمۡ اِذَا مُزِّقۡتُمۡ کُلَّ مُمَزَّقٍ اِنَّکُمۡ لَفِیۡ خَلۡقٍ جَدِیۡدٍ
Important Words:
مزقتم (you are broken up) is derived from مزق which means, lie scattered or dispersed. مزق الثوب means, he tore the cloth in many places. مزق عرضه means, he rent or marred his honour or reputation. They say مزقھم کل مـمزق i.e. he dispersed them to all parts of the country. He (God) destroyed them thoroughly and completely (Lane & Aqrab).
Commentary:
In verse 4 disbelievers were warned that the time of the triumph of Islam and their own destruction was fast approaching. The word used in that verse to convey this warning was الساعة (the Hour). In the verse under comment the disbelievers are shown as vainly seeking to divert the subject of their defeat by pretending to take the word الساعة (the Hour) in the sense of the Day of Resurrection when they shall be broken up into pieces and not in the sense in which it has been used in v. 4. viz. the day of their defeat and destruction in this world. The verse may also mean that disbelievers accuse the Holy Prophet of seeking to create a community of his own by causing discord and disharmony in their ranks, and implies the answer that these people who brag so much of their unity were never a united people. Their talk of unity is an empty talk and their charge that the Holy Prophet seeks to create disunity among them is altogether fake and unfounded.
3135
Important Words:
مزقتم (you are broken up) is derived from مزق which means, lie scattered or dispersed. مزق الثوب means, he tore the cloth in many places. مزق عرضه means, he rent or marred his honour or reputation. They say مزقھم کل مـمزق i.e. he dispersed them to all parts of the country. He (God) destroyed them thoroughly and completely (Lane & Aqrab).
Commentary:
In verse 4 disbelievers were warned that the time of the triumph of Islam and their own destruction was fast approaching. The word used in that verse to convey this warning was الساعة (the Hour). In the verse under comment the disbelievers are shown as vainly seeking to divert the subject of their defeat by pretending to take the word الساعة (the Hour) in the sense of the Day of Resurrection when they shall be broken up into pieces and not in the sense in which it has been used in v. 4. viz. the day of their defeat and destruction in this world. The verse may also mean that disbelievers accuse the Holy Prophet of seeking to create a community of his own by causing discord and disharmony in their ranks, and implies the answer that these people who brag so much of their unity were never a united people. Their talk of unity is an empty talk and their charge that the Holy Prophet seeks to create disunity among them is altogether fake and unfounded.
فَقَالُوۡا رَبَّنَا بٰعِدۡ بَیۡنَ اَسۡفَارِنَا وَظَلَمُوۡۤا اَنۡفُسَہُمۡ فَجَعَلۡنٰہُمۡ اَحَادِیۡثَ وَمَزَّقۡنٰہُمۡ کُلَّ مُمَزَّقٍ ۚ اِنَّ فِیۡ ذٰلِکَ لَاٰیٰتٍ لِّکُلِّ صَبَّارٍ شَکُوۡرٍ
حضرت سلیمان علیہ السلام کے زمانہ میں فلسطین بلکہ ایک ملک اوپر سے لیکر تمام عرب کا ساحل بشمولیت یمن ان کے ماتحت تھا۔ پھر ان کی حکومت عدن سے ہوتی ہوئی خلیج فارس کے اوپر تک عرب ساحل پر جاتی تھی۔ مگر بعد میں تباہی آئی تو عرب آزاد ہو گیا۔ اور ملک میں طوائف الملوکی قائم ہو کر آبادیاں اجڑ گئیں اور سفر لمبے اور تکلیف دہ ہو گئے۔
یعنی ان کی تاریخ ایسی مٹی کہ ان کے واقعات لوگوں کو کہانی معلوم ہوتے تھے۔
The words put in the mouth of the Sabaeans, in fact, describe their actual condition when they defied and disobeyed Divine commandments and consequently fell on evil days. The prosperous and frequented route became deserted and desolate. The words, 'place longer distances between the stages of our journeys,' signify that because many towns on the route fell into ruin, the distance between one stage to the other became much longer and less safe. The Sabaeans were so utterly destroyed that no sign or mark was left of them. They became only a subject for story-tellers.
Commentary:
The words shown as spoken by the people of Saba’ in the verse were not actually spoken by them but are used to describe their actual condition when they defied and disobeyed Divine commandments and consequently fell on evil days. The prosperous and frequented route became deserted, and desolate. The words "place longer distances between the stages of our journey" signify that because many towns on the route fell into ruin, the distance between one stage to the other became much longer and less safe.
The expression "and so We made them by-words" means that the Sabaeans were so utterly destroyed that no sign or mark was left of them. They became only a subject for story-tellers.
1
حضرت سلیمان علیہ السلام کے زمانہ میں فلسطین بلکہ ایک ملک اوپر سے لیکر تمام عرب کا ساحل بشمولیت یمن ان کے ماتحت تھا۔ پھر ان کی حکومت عدن سے ہوتی ہوئی خلیج فارس کے اوپر تک عرب ساحل پر جاتی تھی۔ مگر بعد میں تباہی آئی تو عرب آزاد ہو گیا۔ اور ملک میں طوائف الملوکی قائم ہو کر آبادیاں اجڑ گئیں اور سفر لمبے اور تکلیف دہ ہو گئے۔
2
یعنی ان کی تاریخ ایسی مٹی کہ ان کے واقعات لوگوں کو کہانی معلوم ہوتے تھے۔
3146
Commentary:
The words shown as spoken by the people of Saba’ in the verse were not actually spoken by them but are used to describe their actual condition when they defied and disobeyed Divine commandments and consequently fell on evil days. The prosperous and frequented route became deserted, and desolate. The words "place longer distances between the stages of our journey" signify that because many towns on the route fell into ruin, the distance between one stage to the other became much longer and less safe.
The expression "and so We made them by-words" means that the Sabaeans were so utterly destroyed that no sign or mark was left of them. They became only a subject for story-tellers.
2386
The words put in the mouth of the Sabaeans, in fact, describe their actual condition when they defied and disobeyed Divine commandments and consequently fell on evil days. The prosperous and frequented route became deserted and desolate. The words, 'place longer distances between the stages of our journeys,' signify that because many towns on the route fell into ruin, the distance between one stage to the other became much longer and less safe. The Sabaeans were so utterly destroyed that no sign or mark was left of them. They became only a subject for story-tellers.
وَلَا تَجۡعَلۡ یَدَکَ مَغۡلُوۡلَۃً اِلٰی عُنُقِکَ وَلَا تَبۡسُطۡہَا کُلَّ الۡبَسۡطِ فَتَقۡعُدَ مَلُوۡمًا مَّحۡسُوۡرًا
9:34; 25:68.
9:34; 25:68.
A believer should not be so miserly as not to spend his money even when there is a real and genuine need for it, nor should he squander away his money thoughtlessly and without purpose so that when money is required for a real national need he should find to his regret that he could not contribute to it.
9:34; 25:68.
Important Words:
محسورا (exhausted) is derived from حسر which means, he was or became weary and tired. حسر الدابة means, the beast was fatigued so that it was left to remain where it was. حسر البصر means, the eye became weak and fatigued by looking for long. حسر البیت means, he swept the house. محسور means, a man who has given all that he had, so that nothing remains in his possession. Being synonymous with حسیر it means, tired, fatigued or jaded by much travel; grieving or regretting most intensely (Lane & Aqrab).
Commentary:
The verse teaches the right way of spending one’s money. One should not be so miserly as not to spend it even when there is a real and genuine need as if his hands are tied to his neck, nor should one stretch forth one’s hands so openly as to squander away his wealth purposelessly. One should strike the golden mean.
The expression, lest thou sit down blamed or exhausted, means to say that a person who squanders away his money thoughtlessly and without purpose does not have anything left with him, so that when money is required for a real national need, he finds to his regret that he cannot contribute to it. Not only can he then not help the national cause but he loses his self-respect also; and by thus falling in the estimation of his compatriots he becomes permanently deprived of the opportunity to serve his country or community in the hour of its need.
e
9:34; 25:68.
b
9:34; 25:68.
1959
Important Words:
محسورا (exhausted) is derived from حسر which means, he was or became weary and tired. حسر الدابة means, the beast was fatigued so that it was left to remain where it was. حسر البصر means, the eye became weak and fatigued by looking for long. حسر البیت means, he swept the house. محسور means, a man who has given all that he had, so that nothing remains in his possession. Being synonymous with حسیر it means, tired, fatigued or jaded by much travel; grieving or regretting most intensely (Lane & Aqrab).
Commentary:
The verse teaches the right way of spending one’s money. One should not be so miserly as not to spend it even when there is a real and genuine need as if his hands are tied to his neck, nor should one stretch forth one’s hands so openly as to squander away his wealth purposelessly. One should strike the golden mean.
The expression, lest thou sit down blamed or exhausted, means to say that a person who squanders away his money thoughtlessly and without purpose does not have anything left with him, so that when money is required for a real national need, he finds to his regret that he cannot contribute to it. Not only can he then not help the national cause but he loses his self-respect also; and by thus falling in the estimation of his compatriots he becomes permanently deprived of the opportunity to serve his country or community in the hour of its need.
d
9:34; 25:68.
1612
A believer should not be so miserly as not to spend his money even when there is a real and genuine need for it, nor should he squander away his money thoughtlessly and without purpose so that when money is required for a real national need he should find to his regret that he could not contribute to it.
یَوۡمَ نَدۡعُوۡا کُلَّ اُنَاسٍۭ بِاِمٰمِہِمۡ ۖ فَمَنۡ اُوۡتِیَ کِتٰبَہٗ بِیَمِیۡنِہٖ فَاُولٰٓئِکَ یَقۡرَءُوۡنَ کِتٰبَہُمۡ وَلَا یُظۡلَمُوۡنَ فَتِیۡلًا
69:20; 84:8, 9.
右手是赐福的一种象征, 而左手是惩罚的象征。而且人身右侧比左侧要强些, 因为右侧的身体组织总要比左侧的要强些。这节经文中所说的 “凡在右手接受到其行为记录簿者”, 意指这将是一本有利和受福的记录。还有, 右手意指力量和权力 (69:46)。信者们用右手握着他们记录, 意味着他们已有力地、有决心地掌握了德性和善行; 而不信的人用左手握着他们的记录, 可能意指他们并没有以必要的力量和热忱去努力争取德性和善行。
69:20; 84:8, 9.
The right hand is a symbol of blessing while the left is that of punishment. Also in the human body the right side enjoys a certain superiority over the left since the tissues of the right side generally are stronger than those of the left. Giving of the record of one’s deeds in one’s right hand as mentioned in this verse signifies that it will be a favourable and blessed record. Again, the right hand signifies strength and power (69:46). The holding by believers of their records in their right hands is meant to signify that they had taken hold of virtue with strength and resolution, while the holding by disbelievers of their records in their left hands would signify that they did not strive after virtue with requisite strength and zeal.
69:20; 84:8, 9.
Commentary:
The word امام (Leader) here means a spiritual Leader or a Prophet. On the Day of Judgement every people will be summoned along with their Prophet, for he will have to render an account of how he discharged his divine mission and how his people received and treated his Message (4:42; 16:85, 90; Bukhari, Kitabut-Tafsir).
According to Islam the right hand is a symbol of blessing while the left is a symbol of punishment. In the human body the right side enjoys a certain superiority over the left since the tissues of the right side generally are stronger than those of the left. The giving of the record of one’s deeds in one’s right hand as mentioned in this verse signifies that it will be a good and favourable record.
A certain preference for the right hand is a trait common among all races. Medical science has established the fact that the right hand of man is comparatively stronger than the left. Various explanations for this phenomenon have been offered by scientists, some of which are based on psycho-physics and others on social habits. At any rate among normal men the percentage of left-handed persons has been found to vary from 4 to 8, while among the mentally defective the percentage is much higher (Enc. Brit., 14th Edition, under Handedness).
It may well be concluded from these facts that the right hand is better suited for the performance of work than the left. So it is quite reasonable to regard the right arm as the symbol of strength. The receiving by believers of the records of works in their right hands may therefore be understood to point to the fact that they were industrious, diligent and self-sacrificing, while the receiving by disbelievers of their records in their left hands would signify that they were slow, lazy and selfish, the left hand being symbolic of weakness.
Moreover, the right hand is reserved for doing works which are generally regarded as clean while the left hand is reserved for unclean works. Thus the holding by believers of their records in their right hands would signify that their works were good and pure and the works of disbelievers were unclean and dirty as they would hold their records in their left hands.
According to some commentators of the Quran the word یمین (right hand) also signifies strength and power (69:46). According to this sense of the word the holding by believers of their records in their right hands would signify that they had taken hold of virtue with strength and resolution while the holding by disbelievers of their records in their left hands would signify that they did not strive after virtue with requisite strength and zeal.
The word یمین (right hand) also means a blessed thing as in the hadith کلتا یدی ربی یمین i.e. both the hands of my Lord are full of blessings. (Bihar, vol. 2, p. 503). In this sense the words, "whoso shall be given his book in his right hand" would symbolize that the believers’ record would be a blessed one.
The words, such will read their book, only point to a common habit of man. The possessor of a good record naturally reads it again and again while he whose record is bad conceals it and avoids reading it. See also v. 15 above. For the word فتیلا (a whit) see 4:50.
a
69:20; 84:8, 9.
721
右手是赐福的一种象征, 而左手是惩罚的象征。而且人身右侧比左侧要强些, 因为右侧的身体组织总要比左侧的要强些。这节经文中所说的 “凡在右手接受到其行为记录簿者”, 意指这将是一本有利和受福的记录。还有, 右手意指力量和权力 (69:46)。信者们用右手握着他们记录, 意味着他们已有力地、有决心地掌握了德性和善行; 而不信的人用左手握着他们的记录, 可能意指他们并没有以必要的力量和热忱去努力争取德性和善行。
a
69:20; 84:8, 9.
2001
Commentary:
The word امام (Leader) here means a spiritual Leader or a Prophet. On the Day of Judgement every people will be summoned along with their Prophet, for he will have to render an account of how he discharged his divine mission and how his people received and treated his Message (4:42; 16:85, 90; Bukhari, Kitabut-Tafsir).
According to Islam the right hand is a symbol of blessing while the left is a symbol of punishment. In the human body the right side enjoys a certain superiority over the left since the tissues of the right side generally are stronger than those of the left. The giving of the record of one’s deeds in one’s right hand as mentioned in this verse signifies that it will be a good and favourable record.
A certain preference for the right hand is a trait common among all races. Medical science has established the fact that the right hand of man is comparatively stronger than the left. Various explanations for this phenomenon have been offered by scientists, some of which are based on psycho-physics and others on social habits. At any rate among normal men the percentage of left-handed persons has been found to vary from 4 to 8, while among the mentally defective the percentage is much higher (Enc. Brit., 14th Edition, under Handedness).
It may well be concluded from these facts that the right hand is better suited for the performance of work than the left. So it is quite reasonable to regard the right arm as the symbol of strength. The receiving by believers of the records of works in their right hands may therefore be understood to point to the fact that they were industrious, diligent and self-sacrificing, while the receiving by disbelievers of their records in their left hands would signify that they were slow, lazy and selfish, the left hand being symbolic of weakness.
Moreover, the right hand is reserved for doing works which are generally regarded as clean while the left hand is reserved for unclean works. Thus the holding by believers of their records in their right hands would signify that their works were good and pure and the works of disbelievers were unclean and dirty as they would hold their records in their left hands.
According to some commentators of the Quran the word یمین (right hand) also signifies strength and power (69:46). According to this sense of the word the holding by believers of their records in their right hands would signify that they had taken hold of virtue with strength and resolution while the holding by disbelievers of their records in their left hands would signify that they did not strive after virtue with requisite strength and zeal.
The word یمین (right hand) also means a blessed thing as in the hadith کلتا یدی ربی یمین i.e. both the hands of my Lord are full of blessings. (Bihar, vol. 2, p. 503). In this sense the words, "whoso shall be given his book in his right hand" would symbolize that the believers’ record would be a blessed one.
The words, such will read their book, only point to a common habit of man. The possessor of a good record naturally reads it again and again while he whose record is bad conceals it and avoids reading it. See also v. 15 above. For the word فتیلا (a whit) see 4:50.
b
69:20; 84:8, 9.
1636
The right hand is a symbol of blessing while the left is that of punishment. Also in the human body the right side enjoys a certain superiority over the left since the tissues of the right side generally are stronger than those of the left. Giving of the record of one’s deeds in one’s right hand as mentioned in this verse signifies that it will be a favourable and blessed record. Again, the right hand signifies strength and power (69:46). The holding by believers of their records in their right hands is meant to signify that they had taken hold of virtue with strength and resolution, while the holding by disbelievers of their records in their left hands would signify that they did not strive after virtue with requisite strength and zeal.
اَمَّا السَّفِیۡنَۃُ فَکَانَتۡ لِمَسٰکِیۡنَ یَعۡمَلُوۡنَ فِی الۡبَحۡرِ فَاَرَدتُّ اَنۡ اَعِیۡبَہَا وَکَانَ وَرَآءَہُمۡ مَّلِکٌ یَّاۡخُذُ کُلَّ سَفِیۡنَۃٍ غَصۡبًا
کشتی کے مالکوں سے مراد مسلمان ہیں جو مسکین دل تھے اور اس میں سوراخ کرنے سے مراد یہ تھی کہ وہ اپنے مال غرباء پر زکٰوۃ وغیرہ کے ذریعہ سے خرچ کریں گے۔
اس سے مراد قیصر و کسریٰ تھے جو عرب پر صرف اس لئے حملہ نہیں کرتے تھے کہ وہ ایک غریب اور بے آب و گیاہ ملک تھا۔ خداتعالیٰ نے اسے اس ترکیب سے محمد رسول اللہ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کے لئے محفوظ رکھا تھا۔ تفسیر کبیر جلد چہارم صفحہ ۴۸۶۔ ۴۸۷ میں ان معنوں کے سوا ایک اور معنے کیے گئے ہیں کیوں کہ قرآن مجید کے کئی بطن ہیں اور ہر بطن کے ماتحت ایک تفسیر ہو سکتی ہے۔
The words, "poor people," here may represent "the Muslims." Making a hole in the boat meant that Islam would exhort Muslims to spend their money in the cause of Allah, by way of Zakat and charity. This would appear to be a source of economic weakness rather than of strength and true prosperity, which in fact it would not be. The tyrant king of the Isra’ were the Byzantine and Iranian Empires which would have swallowed up Arabia had it not seemed to them a poor and barren land, not worth the trouble of conquering. It was thus preserved intact for the Holy Prophet.
Commentary:
With this verse begins an explanation of the foregoing incidents as given by the holy man of Moses’ vision.
The words, 'poor people' here represent the meek of heart whom material prosperity and abundance of wealth do not prevent from taking care of and sympathizing with the needy and the destitute and from associating with them. The expression 'a king' denotes love of the world and attachment for material things. The verse thus means to say that those proud and conceited sons of darkness who disdain to spend their money on philanthropic purposes are wholly lost in the love of this world and fall easy victims to Satan. This is why the Holy Prophet sought to make a hole in the boat of his people—he laid down such laws as should render their love of this world pierced with the love of the next world so that they should spend their money in the service of the oppressed and the down-trodden and instead of tyrannizing over them they should serve them and sympathize with them.
It is worthy of note that whereas in the Holy Prophet’s Vision the love of the world took the form of an old woman, in Moses’ vision it was represented by a cruel king. This signified that the love of the world and its pleasures would exercise much less influence over the followers of the Holy Prophet than over those of Moses.
1
کشتی کے مالکوں سے مراد مسلمان ہیں جو مسکین دل تھے اور اس میں سوراخ کرنے سے مراد یہ تھی کہ وہ اپنے مال غرباء پر زکٰوۃ وغیرہ کے ذریعہ سے خرچ کریں گے۔
2
اس سے مراد قیصر و کسریٰ تھے جو عرب پر صرف اس لئے حملہ نہیں کرتے تھے کہ وہ ایک غریب اور بے آب و گیاہ ملک تھا۔ خداتعالیٰ نے اسے اس ترکیب سے محمد رسول اللہ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کے لئے محفوظ رکھا تھا۔ تفسیر کبیر جلد چہارم صفحہ ۴۸۶۔ ۴۸۷ میں ان معنوں کے سوا ایک اور معنے کیے گئے ہیں کیوں کہ قرآن مجید کے کئی بطن ہیں اور ہر بطن کے ماتحت ایک تفسیر ہو سکتی ہے۔
2118
Commentary:
With this verse begins an explanation of the foregoing incidents as given by the holy man of Moses’ vision.
The words, 'poor people' here represent the meek of heart whom material prosperity and abundance of wealth do not prevent from taking care of and sympathizing with the needy and the destitute and from associating with them. The expression 'a king' denotes love of the world and attachment for material things. The verse thus means to say that those proud and conceited sons of darkness who disdain to spend their money on philanthropic purposes are wholly lost in the love of this world and fall easy victims to Satan. This is why the Holy Prophet sought to make a hole in the boat of his people—he laid down such laws as should render their love of this world pierced with the love of the next world so that they should spend their money in the service of the oppressed and the down-trodden and instead of tyrannizing over them they should serve them and sympathize with them.
It is worthy of note that whereas in the Holy Prophet’s Vision the love of the world took the form of an old woman, in Moses’ vision it was represented by a cruel king. This signified that the love of the world and its pleasures would exercise much less influence over the followers of the Holy Prophet than over those of Moses.
1715
The words, "poor people," here may represent "the Muslims." Making a hole in the boat meant that Islam would exhort Muslims to spend their money in the cause of Allah, by way of Zakat and charity. This would appear to be a source of economic weakness rather than of strength and true prosperity, which in fact it would not be. The tyrant king of the Isra’ were the Byzantine and Iranian Empires which would have swallowed up Arabia had it not seemed to them a poor and barren land, not worth the trouble of conquering. It was thus preserved intact for the Holy Prophet.
قَالَ رَبُّنَا الَّذِیۡۤ اَعۡطٰی کُلَّ شَیۡءٍ خَلۡقَہٗ ثُمَّ ہَدٰی
81:3, 4.
81:3, 4.
The verse means that there exists perfect order in the world and that God has endowed everything with properties which are best suited to its particular requirements and needs, and by making proper use of which it can attain its fullest development.
87:3-4.
Commentary:
The verse means to say that there exists a perfect order in the world and that God has endowed everything with the qualities and attributes which are best suited to its particular requirements and needs and by making proper use of which it can attain to its fullest development.
Pharaoh seems to be a polytheistic philosopher. Here Moses has drawn his attention to the Oneness and Unity of God.
b
81:3, 4.
b
87:3-4.
2270
Commentary:
The verse means to say that there exists a perfect order in the world and that God has endowed everything with the qualities and attributes which are best suited to its particular requirements and needs and by making proper use of which it can attain to its fullest development.
Pharaoh seems to be a polytheistic philosopher. Here Moses has drawn his attention to the Oneness and Unity of God.
b
81:3, 4.
1825
The verse means that there exists perfect order in the world and that God has endowed everything with properties which are best suited to its particular requirements and needs, and by making proper use of which it can attain its fullest development.
اِنَّمَاۤ اِلٰہُکُمُ اللّٰہُ الَّذِیۡ لَاۤ اِلٰہَ اِلَّا ہُوَ ۚ وَسِعَ کُلَّ شَیۡءٍ عِلۡمًا
اَوَلَمۡ یَرَ الَّذِیۡنَ کَفَرُوۡۤا اَنَّ السَّمٰوٰتِ وَالۡاَرۡضَ کَانَتَا رَتۡقًا فَفَتَقۡنٰہُمَا ۖ وَجَعَلۡنَا مِنَ الۡمَآءِ کُلَّ شَیۡءٍ حَیٍّ ۖ اَفَلَا یُؤۡمِنُوۡنَ
这节经文指出一个伟大的科学真理。它似乎指的是宇宙在物质以前的阶段, 意思说整个宇宙, 尤其是太阳系, 是从一种混沌不清的一团中发展出来的。安拉按照他所运用的法则使这一团物质分裂成为散开的小块, 变成太阳系的各个组成部分。{哈罗尔德•里查德 (Harold Richard) 的 «宇宙概况» 与费雷德•霍伊尔 (Fred Hoyle) 的 «宇宙的性质»}。然后安拉从水中创造生命。这节经文似乎还意示, 像物质的宇宙一样, 一个精神的宇宙也是从混乱的思想和愚蠢的信念的一团混沌中发展出来的。正如安拉以他绝对正确的智慧在进行最高的计划时把一团物质分裂开来使它分散的部分变成太阳系的组成部分那样, 他在这翻滚在混浊泥潭中的世界上同样创造了一种精神的新秩序。当人类陷入道德堕落的而不能逾越的黑暗时, 精神上就觉得压得透不过气来。安拉派遣他的使者震憾了笼罩着的精神黑暗, 使人们见到光明, 从道德败坏和精神衰退的混沌不清和毫无生气的一团中诞生出一个精神宇宙, 它开始从中心向四周延伸, 最终将遍布全世界, 并在它的带动之下获得活力和方向。
یعنی جب تک خداتعالیٰ نے وحی نہ بھیجی آسمان و زمین کی ہدایت کا کوئی سامان نہ ہوا مگر جب ہم نے اس کو کھولا اور وحی نازل کی تب ہدایت کا سامان پیدا ہوا اور ثابت ہوا کہ وحی الٰہی کے بغیر کوئی زندگی نہیں۔ تعجب ہے کہ یہ لوگ پھر بھی ایمان نہیں لاتے۔
موجودہ سائنس نے بھی یہ ثابت کر دیا ہے کہ جب کوئی نیا نظام شمسی پیدا ہوتا ہے تو پہلے وہ ایک گیند کی طرح ہوتا ہے۔ پھر اندرونی چکر سے اس کے کنارے دور دور پھینکے جاتے ہیں اور نئے کُرّے بن جاتے ہیں جو اندرونی محور کے گرد چکر کھانے لگ جاتے ہیں۔ اور ایک نیا نظام شمسی بن جاتا ہے۔
The verse points to a great scientific truth. It seems to refer to the pre-material stage of the universe and purports to say that the whole universe, particularly the solar system, has developed out of an amorphous or nebular mass. God, in accordance with the laws which He had set in motion, split the mass of matter, and its scattered bits became the units of the solar system ("The Universe Surveyed" by Harold Richards, & "The Nature of the Universe" by Fred Hoyle). God then created all life out of water. The verse seems to imply that like the material universe a spiritual universe also develops out of an amorphous mass of confused ideas and foolish beliefs. Just as God in His infallible wisdom and in pursuance of a supreme design split the mass of matter and its scattered bits became the units of the solar system, in the same way He brings about a new spiritual order in a world weltering in the morass of confused ideas. When mankind sink into an impenetrable gloom of moral turpitude, and spiritual at
Important Words:
رتقا (a closed-up mass) is inf. noun from رتق (rataqa). They say رتق الثوب i.e. he repaired or sewed up the cloth. رتق الشیء means, he repaired or closed up the thing. رتق is the contrary of فتق. The expression فتق المسک means, he took out the musk from the bladder of deer.فتق الثواب means, he slit, rent or opened up the cloth. They say رتق فتقھم i.e. he closed up the breach that was between them; he reconciled them. The Arabs say: ھو الراتق والفاتق i.e. he is the reformer of the affair. The word رتقhere means, ذواتی رتق i.e. things closed up, or better a closed-up mass, and فتق refers to the splitting of the amorphous mass or to the throwing off of the planets of the solar system.
Commentary:
The verse, by pointing to a great scientific truth, draws attention to a spiritual phenomenon of equally great importance. It refers to the pre-material stage of the universe and purports to say that the heavens and the earth or the whole universe or particularly the solar system has developed out of an amorphous or nebular mass. God, in accordance with the laws which He had set in motion, split the mass of matter, and its scattered bits became the units of the solar system ("The Universe Surveyed" by Harold Richards, and "The Nature of the Universe" by Fred Hoyle). God then created all life out of water. The verse seems to imply that like the material universe a spiritual universe also develops out of an amorphous mass of confused ideas and foolish beliefs. Just as God in His infallible wisdom and in pursuance of a great design split the mass of matter and its scattered bits became the units of the solar system, in the same way He brings about a new spiritual order in a world weltering in the morass of confused ideas. When mankind sinks into an impenetrable gloom of moral turpitude and spiritual atmosphere becomes dense and oppressive, God causes a light to appear in the form of a Heavenly Messenger who shakes up the overspreading spiritual gloom, and out of this confused and lifeless mass of moral depravity and spiritual degeneration a spiritual universe is born which begins to reach out from its centre and eventually embraces the whole earth, receiving life and direction from the impetus behind it. Just as all physical life is created from water, so does spiritual universe receive life from heavenly water which is Divine revelation. See also General Introduction.
The words "the heavens and the earth were a closed-up mass," in a physical sense may signify that there is no rain from heaven, and the earth becomes parched and dried up and grows no vegetation, and life tends to become extinct. Spiritually speaking they may mean that there is a cessation of Divine revelation and the hearts and brains of men become corrupt and spiritual darkness enshrouds the entire face of the earth. Thus the whole verse may refer both to the general physical phenomenon and to the cessation of Divine revelation. The words "then We opened them out," may refer to the throwing off of the planets of the solar system. Physically speaking they would mean that God sends down rain from heaven, and spiritually speaking they may signify that Divine revelation descends i.e. a Prophet is raised to whom God reveals Himself and to whom He vouchsafes His Word.
Again spiritually speaking the words "And We made from water everything living" signify that when the period of the cessation of revelation which has been called فترة in the Quran (5:20) ends, God sends a Messenger, who by means of Divine revelation, brings about complete moral revolution among his people and gives, as it were, new life to a spiritually dead people. Alluding to the physical phenomenon the words would mean that when on account of a long period of drought the earth becomes parched and dry, God sends down fresh rain from heaven and the earth begins to bloom and blossom and vibrate with a new life. Thus briefly the verse signifies that as no physical life can exist without water, similarly no spiritual life is possible without the water of Divine revelation.
833
这节经文指出一个伟大的科学真理。它似乎指的是宇宙在物质以前的阶段, 意思说整个宇宙, 尤其是太阳系, 是从一种混沌不清的一团中发展出来的。安拉按照他所运用的法则使这一团物质分裂成为散开的小块, 变成太阳系的各个组成部分。{哈罗尔德•里查德 (Harold Richard) 的 «宇宙概况» 与费雷德•霍伊尔 (Fred Hoyle) 的 «宇宙的性质»}。然后安拉从水中创造生命。这节经文似乎还意示, 像物质的宇宙一样, 一个精神的宇宙也是从混乱的思想和愚蠢的信念的一团混沌中发展出来的。正如安拉以他绝对正确的智慧在进行最高的计划时把一团物质分裂开来使它分散的部分变成太阳系的组成部分那样, 他在这翻滚在混浊泥潭中的世界上同样创造了一种精神的新秩序。当人类陷入道德堕落的而不能逾越的黑暗时, 精神上就觉得压得透不过气来。安拉派遣他的使者震憾了笼罩着的精神黑暗, 使人们见到光明, 从道德败坏和精神衰退的混沌不清和毫无生气的一团中诞生出一个精神宇宙, 它开始从中心向四周延伸, 最终将遍布全世界, 并在它的带动之下获得活力和方向。
1
یعنی جب تک خداتعالیٰ نے وحی نہ بھیجی آسمان و زمین کی ہدایت کا کوئی سامان نہ ہوا مگر جب ہم نے اس کو کھولا اور وحی نازل کی تب ہدایت کا سامان پیدا ہوا اور ثابت ہوا کہ وحی الٰہی کے بغیر کوئی زندگی نہیں۔ تعجب ہے کہ یہ لوگ پھر بھی ایمان نہیں لاتے۔
موجودہ سائنس نے بھی یہ ثابت کر دیا ہے کہ جب کوئی نیا نظام شمسی پیدا ہوتا ہے تو پہلے وہ ایک گیند کی طرح ہوتا ہے۔ پھر اندرونی چکر سے اس کے کنارے دور دور پھینکے جاتے ہیں اور نئے کُرّے بن جاتے ہیں جو اندرونی محور کے گرد چکر کھانے لگ جاتے ہیں۔ اور ایک نیا نظام شمسی بن جاتا ہے۔
2371
Important Words:
رتقا (a closed-up mass) is inf. noun from رتق (rataqa). They say رتق الثوب i.e. he repaired or sewed up the cloth. رتق الشیء means, he repaired or closed up the thing. رتق is the contrary of فتق. The expression فتق المسک means, he took out the musk from the bladder of deer.فتق الثواب means, he slit, rent or opened up the cloth. They say رتق فتقھم i.e. he closed up the breach that was between them; he reconciled them. The Arabs say: ھو الراتق والفاتق i.e. he is the reformer of the affair. The word رتقhere means, ذواتی رتق i.e. things closed up, or better a closed-up mass, and فتق refers to the splitting of the amorphous mass or to the throwing off of the planets of the solar system.
Commentary:
The verse, by pointing to a great scientific truth, draws attention to a spiritual phenomenon of equally great importance. It refers to the pre-material stage of the universe and purports to say that the heavens and the earth or the whole universe or particularly the solar system has developed out of an amorphous or nebular mass. God, in accordance with the laws which He had set in motion, split the mass of matter, and its scattered bits became the units of the solar system ("The Universe Surveyed" by Harold Richards, and "The Nature of the Universe" by Fred Hoyle). God then created all life out of water. The verse seems to imply that like the material universe a spiritual universe also develops out of an amorphous mass of confused ideas and foolish beliefs. Just as God in His infallible wisdom and in pursuance of a great design split the mass of matter and its scattered bits became the units of the solar system, in the same way He brings about a new spiritual order in a world weltering in the morass of confused ideas. When mankind sinks into an impenetrable gloom of moral turpitude and spiritual atmosphere becomes dense and oppressive, God causes a light to appear in the form of a Heavenly Messenger who shakes up the overspreading spiritual gloom, and out of this confused and lifeless mass of moral depravity and spiritual degeneration a spiritual universe is born which begins to reach out from its centre and eventually embraces the whole earth, receiving life and direction from the impetus behind it. Just as all physical life is created from water, so does spiritual universe receive life from heavenly water which is Divine revelation. See also General Introduction.
The words "the heavens and the earth were a closed-up mass," in a physical sense may signify that there is no rain from heaven, and the earth becomes parched and dried up and grows no vegetation, and life tends to become extinct. Spiritually speaking they may mean that there is a cessation of Divine revelation and the hearts and brains of men become corrupt and spiritual darkness enshrouds the entire face of the earth. Thus the whole verse may refer both to the general physical phenomenon and to the cessation of Divine revelation. The words "then We opened them out," may refer to the throwing off of the planets of the solar system. Physically speaking they would mean that God sends down rain from heaven, and spiritually speaking they may signify that Divine revelation descends i.e. a Prophet is raised to whom God reveals Himself and to whom He vouchsafes His Word.
Again spiritually speaking the words "And We made from water everything living" signify that when the period of the cessation of revelation which has been called فترة in the Quran (5:20) ends, God sends a Messenger, who by means of Divine revelation, brings about complete moral revolution among his people and gives, as it were, new life to a spiritually dead people. Alluding to the physical phenomenon the words would mean that when on account of a long period of drought the earth becomes parched and dry, God sends down fresh rain from heaven and the earth begins to bloom and blossom and vibrate with a new life. Thus briefly the verse signifies that as no physical life can exist without water, similarly no spiritual life is possible without the water of Divine revelation.
1884
The verse points to a great scientific truth. It seems to refer to the pre-material stage of the universe and purports to say that the whole universe, particularly the solar system, has developed out of an amorphous or nebular mass. God, in accordance with the laws which He had set in motion, split the mass of matter, and its scattered bits became the units of the solar system ("The Universe Surveyed" by Harold Richards, & "The Nature of the Universe" by Fred Hoyle). God then created all life out of water. The verse seems to imply that like the material universe a spiritual universe also develops out of an amorphous mass of confused ideas and foolish beliefs. Just as God in His infallible wisdom and in pursuance of a supreme design split the mass of matter and its scattered bits became the units of the solar system, in the same way He brings about a new spiritual order in a world weltering in the morass of confused ideas. When mankind sink into an impenetrable gloom of moral turpitude, and spiritual at
وَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَنۡ یُّجٰدِلُ فِی اللّٰہِ بِغَیۡرِ عِلۡمٍ وَّیَتَّبِعُ کُلَّ شَیۡطٰنٍ مَّرِیۡدٍ
13:14; 22:9; 31:21; 40:70.
13:14; 22:9; 31:21; 40:70.
13:14; 22:9; 31:21; 40:70.
Important Words:
مرید (rebellious) is derived from مرد (marada) which means, he exalted himself; he was insolent and audacious in pride and in acts of disobedience; he was excessively proud or disobedient or rebellious; he was refractory; he outstripped others in pride or disobedience. مرد (marida), means it (the tree) became denuded of its leaves. شجر أمرد means, a tree devoid of leaves, المارد or المرید means, one who is destitute of good (Lane & Aqrab). See also 9:101.
Commentary:
The verse shows that true knowledge is a great divine boon and all misguidance is the result of the lack of it. At another place (35:29) the Quran states that the realization of the Diving Being is vouchsafed only to those who are possessed of true knowledge. The present verse is of general application and applies to no particular person. The words فی الله (concerning Allah) mean, concerning the person, power and attribute of God.
It may be noted here that شیطان (Satan) or ابلیس (Iblis) is the being who has been created by God to incite men to do evil deeds as angels have been created to exhort them to do good deeds and thus he is the exact opposite of the angels, and the object of his creation is to try and test the mettle of men. He has his representatives in every time and age. It is this inciter to evil deeds and his representatives who have been mentioned in the Quran in connection with Adam’s story. This inciter to evil deeds will live as long as the world lasts but his representatives in the form of wicked men die and others take their place.
It may also be mentioned here that Satan will not be punished for inciting men to evil deeds as angels will not be rewarded for exhorting them to do good deeds. Punishment is awarded for deeds which are against the laws of nature or of the Shari‘ah but to incite men to bad deeds is ingrained in the very nature of Satan and is a part of his being. So the question of punishment in regard to him does not arise. It is true that according to the Quran, Satan will go to Hell just as the angels will go to Heaven but the fire of Hell will cause him no pain or suffering just as the rewards of heaven will give no joy or happiness to the angels. Having been created of fire (7:13) Satan is immune from the effects of burning. He is no doubt hated and condemned and denounced because he represents evil and sin but he deserves and will receive no punishment for what is a part of his nature and what he has been created to do. His representatives from among men, however, will certainly be punished for their wicked deeds. See also 2:35, 37.
b
13:14; 22:9; 31:21; 40:70.
a
13:14; 22:9; 31:21; 40:70.
2439
Important Words:
مرید (rebellious) is derived from مرد (marada) which means, he exalted himself; he was insolent and audacious in pride and in acts of disobedience; he was excessively proud or disobedient or rebellious; he was refractory; he outstripped others in pride or disobedience. مرد (marida), means it (the tree) became denuded of its leaves. شجر أمرد means, a tree devoid of leaves, المارد or المرید means, one who is destitute of good (Lane & Aqrab). See also 9:101.
Commentary:
The verse shows that true knowledge is a great divine boon and all misguidance is the result of the lack of it. At another place (35:29) the Quran states that the realization of the Diving Being is vouchsafed only to those who are possessed of true knowledge. The present verse is of general application and applies to no particular person. The words فی الله (concerning Allah) mean, concerning the person, power and attribute of God.
It may be noted here that شیطان (Satan) or ابلیس (Iblis) is the being who has been created by God to incite men to do evil deeds as angels have been created to exhort them to do good deeds and thus he is the exact opposite of the angels, and the object of his creation is to try and test the mettle of men. He has his representatives in every time and age. It is this inciter to evil deeds and his representatives who have been mentioned in the Quran in connection with Adam’s story. This inciter to evil deeds will live as long as the world lasts but his representatives in the form of wicked men die and others take their place.
It may also be mentioned here that Satan will not be punished for inciting men to evil deeds as angels will not be rewarded for exhorting them to do good deeds. Punishment is awarded for deeds which are against the laws of nature or of the Shari‘ah but to incite men to bad deeds is ingrained in the very nature of Satan and is a part of his being. So the question of punishment in regard to him does not arise. It is true that according to the Quran, Satan will go to Hell just as the angels will go to Heaven but the fire of Hell will cause him no pain or suffering just as the rewards of heaven will give no joy or happiness to the angels. Having been created of fire (7:13) Satan is immune from the effects of burning. He is no doubt hated and condemned and denounced because he represents evil and sin but he deserves and will receive no punishment for what is a part of his nature and what he has been created to do. His representatives from among men, however, will certainly be punished for their wicked deeds. See also 2:35, 37.
a
13:14; 22:9; 31:21; 40:70.
۞ اِنَّ اللّٰہَ یُدٰفِعُ عَنِ الَّذِیۡنَ اٰمَنُوۡۤا ۗ اِنَّ اللّٰہَ لَا یُحِبُّ کُلَّ خَوَّانٍ کَفُوۡرٍ
从这节经文开始要介绍穆斯林护教战争。有关牺牲的论述是这节重要题目的必不可少的序论。在穆斯林被允许为自卫而战之前, 他们都熟知牺牲的重要性。这节经文有助于理解伊斯兰教 جِهَاد (Jihad) 概念。جِهَاد (Jihad) 正如这节经文所说明的那样, 是捍卫真理的战争。然而, 鉴于伊斯兰教不能容忍侵略战争, 他认为捍卫自已的荣誉家园和信仰而进行的战争是最高美德的行为。人是安拉最杰出的创造物, 是安拉创造活动的顶点与目的。人是安拉在大地上的代理者, 是安拉的整个创造活动之冠 (2:31)。这就是人在宇宙中占有最高地位的伊斯兰观念。因此, 伊斯兰教把人类提高到如此高的地位, 对人的生命一定也看得非常重要和尊严, 这是很自然的事。根据 «古兰经», 在所有事物中人的生命是神圣的, 不可亵渎的, 夺取人的生命是亵渎, 只有 «古兰经» 中特别提到的极个别场合是例外 (5:33; 17:34)。伊斯兰教教义中良心的解脱是极为重要的。它是人类最可贵的品行, 也许比生命本身更贵重。«古兰经» 已经把最大的尊严赋予人的生命, 因此它承认并宣称人的这一最可贵的所有物--------生命是神圣的, 不可侵犯的。正是为了捍卫人们这一最可贵的所有物, 穆斯林才被允许拿起武器。
With this verse is introduced the subject of Jihad. The theme of Sacrifice has formed a befitting prelude to this all-important subject. Before the permission to fight in self-defence was given to Muslims, they were apprised of the importance of Sacrifice. The verse throws a flood of light on the Islamic conception of Jihad. Jihad, as the verse shows, is fighting in defence of Truth. But whereas Islam allows no aggressive war, it regards the waging of it to defend one’s honour, country or Faith as an act of the highest virtue. Man is God’s noblest handiwork. He is the acme of His creation, its aim and end. He is God’s vicegerent on earth and the king of His whole creation (2:31). This is the Islamic conception of man’s high place in the universe. It is, therefore, only natural that the religion which has raised man to such a high pedestal should also have attached very great importance and sanctity to human life. Of all things man’s life, according to the Qur’an, is the most sacred and inviolab
Commentary:
With this verse is introduced the subject of jihad. The theme of sacrifice has formed a befitting prelude to this all-important subject. Having explained the importance and significance of sacrifice, the Quran proceeds to tell Muslims that the time has arrived that they should be prepared to undergo all manner of sacrifice in the defence of their faith which the enemy is out to destroy. Before the permission to fight in self-defence was given to Muslims, they were apprised of the importance of sacrifice. The words, "Surely, Allah defends those who believe," throw a flood of light on the Islamic conception of jihad. Jihad, as these words show, is fighting in defence of truth. But whereas Islam allows no aggressive war, it regards the waging of it in self-defence as an act of the highest virtue. Because much misconception prevails regarding the Islamic teaching about jihad and because Islam has been much maligned and subjected to much wilful and deliberate mis-representation on this account a somewhat detailed note is called for on this subject.
Man is God’s noblest handiwork. He is the acme of His creation, its aim and end. He is God’s vicegerent on earth and the king of His whole creation (2:30). To him even angels in heaven make obeisance and for him all animate and inanimate things—the earth, the heaven, the sun, moon, stars, mountains, oceans, rivers, animals, and birds, have been created and to him they have been made subservient (14:33, 34; 35:14). This is the Islamic conception of man’s high place in the universe. It is therefore only natural that that religion which has raised man to such a high pedestal should have attached very great importance and sanctity to his life. Of all things man’s life, according to the Quran, is most sacred and inviolable. It is a sacrilege to take it except under very rare circumstances which the Quran has specifically mentioned. According to the Quran the killing of a person without a just cause is tantamount to the killing of the whole of mankind (17:34; 5:33); so sacred and sanctified is man’s life.
No less important, according to Islam, is freedom of conscience. It is man’s most precious heritage—perhaps more precious than life itself. The Quran, which has attached the greatest sanctity to man’s life, could not have failed to acknowledge and declare the sacredness and inviolability of this, his most precious possession. "Let there be no compulsion in religion," says the Quran (2:256). It abounds in verses of like import which shows that not only Islam does not encourage the use of force for the spread of its teaching but positively and in most emphatic terms forbids and condemns it and gives man unrestricted choice in the matter of his faith and belief. Here are some of them:
Say, 'O ye men, now has the truth come to you from your Lord. So whosoever follows the guidance, follows it only for the good of his own soul, and whosoever errs, errs only against it. And I am not a keeper over you (10:109).
And say, It is the truth from your Lord; therefore let him who will, believe, and let him who will, disbelieve (18:30).
We know best what they say; and thou hast not been appointed to compel them in any way. So admonish by means of the Quran him who fears My warning (50:46).
So remind. Thou art only one to remind. Thou art not a warden over them (88:22-23).
These verses, as it were, make an unequivocal declaration about the freedom of human conscience or the Magna Carta of the liberty of man’s beliefs and convictions. The injunctions embodied in these verses have not remained a dead letter. The Holy Prophet and his Companions lived up to them and strictly obeyed them even if acting upon them meant loss of prestige as it happened at the time of signing of the Treaty of Hudaibiya, or when the Jewish tribe of Banu Nadir, on their banishment from Medina, were allowed to take with them the scions of the Muslim families of Aus and Khazraj, much against the remonstrances of their Muslim relatives, because they (the scions) had chosen to go with the Jews (Abu Dawud Kitabul-Jihad, & Manthur). It is also on record that ‘Umar, the second Caliph, presented Islam on several occasions to a Christian slave of his, Asbaq by name, but every time he refused to accept it (Manthur). Instances of such tolerant behaviour on the part of the leaders of Islam during the ages can easily be multiplied. In the face of such magnanimous display of religious tolerance it seems unbelievable that Islam should have been accused of fanaticism and bigotry or of having been spread by force, but it is a sad fact of history that it has been so maligned and accused by its hostile critics.
867
从这节经文开始要介绍穆斯林护教战争。有关牺牲的论述是这节重要题目的必不可少的序论。在穆斯林被允许为自卫而战之前, 他们都熟知牺牲的重要性。这节经文有助于理解伊斯兰教 جِهَاد (Jihad) 概念。جِهَاد (Jihad) 正如这节经文所说明的那样, 是捍卫真理的战争。然而, 鉴于伊斯兰教不能容忍侵略战争, 他认为捍卫自已的荣誉家园和信仰而进行的战争是最高美德的行为。人是安拉最杰出的创造物, 是安拉创造活动的顶点与目的。人是安拉在大地上的代理者, 是安拉的整个创造活动之冠 (2:31)。这就是人在宇宙中占有最高地位的伊斯兰观念。因此, 伊斯兰教把人类提高到如此高的地位, 对人的生命一定也看得非常重要和尊严, 这是很自然的事。根据 «古兰经», 在所有事物中人的生命是神圣的, 不可亵渎的, 夺取人的生命是亵渎, 只有 «古兰经» 中特别提到的极个别场合是例外 (5:33; 17:34)。伊斯兰教教义中良心的解脱是极为重要的。它是人类最可贵的品行, 也许比生命本身更贵重。«古兰经» 已经把最大的尊严赋予人的生命, 因此它承认并宣称人的这一最可贵的所有物--------生命是神圣的, 不可侵犯的。正是为了捍卫人们这一最可贵的所有物, 穆斯林才被允许拿起武器。
2469
Commentary:
With this verse is introduced the subject of jihad. The theme of sacrifice has formed a befitting prelude to this all-important subject. Having explained the importance and significance of sacrifice, the Quran proceeds to tell Muslims that the time has arrived that they should be prepared to undergo all manner of sacrifice in the defence of their faith which the enemy is out to destroy. Before the permission to fight in self-defence was given to Muslims, they were apprised of the importance of sacrifice. The words, "Surely, Allah defends those who believe," throw a flood of light on the Islamic conception of jihad. Jihad, as these words show, is fighting in defence of truth. But whereas Islam allows no aggressive war, it regards the waging of it in self-defence as an act of the highest virtue. Because much misconception prevails regarding the Islamic teaching about jihad and because Islam has been much maligned and subjected to much wilful and deliberate mis-representation on this account a somewhat detailed note is called for on this subject.
Man is God’s noblest handiwork. He is the acme of His creation, its aim and end. He is God’s vicegerent on earth and the king of His whole creation (2:30). To him even angels in heaven make obeisance and for him all animate and inanimate things—the earth, the heaven, the sun, moon, stars, mountains, oceans, rivers, animals, and birds, have been created and to him they have been made subservient (14:33, 34; 35:14). This is the Islamic conception of man’s high place in the universe. It is therefore only natural that that religion which has raised man to such a high pedestal should have attached very great importance and sanctity to his life. Of all things man’s life, according to the Quran, is most sacred and inviolable. It is a sacrilege to take it except under very rare circumstances which the Quran has specifically mentioned. According to the Quran the killing of a person without a just cause is tantamount to the killing of the whole of mankind (17:34; 5:33); so sacred and sanctified is man’s life.
No less important, according to Islam, is freedom of conscience. It is man’s most precious heritage—perhaps more precious than life itself. The Quran, which has attached the greatest sanctity to man’s life, could not have failed to acknowledge and declare the sacredness and inviolability of this, his most precious possession. "Let there be no compulsion in religion," says the Quran (2:256). It abounds in verses of like import which shows that not only Islam does not encourage the use of force for the spread of its teaching but positively and in most emphatic terms forbids and condemns it and gives man unrestricted choice in the matter of his faith and belief. Here are some of them:
Say, 'O ye men, now has the truth come to you from your Lord. So whosoever follows the guidance, follows it only for the good of his own soul, and whosoever errs, errs only against it. And I am not a keeper over you (10:109).
And say, It is the truth from your Lord; therefore let him who will, believe, and let him who will, disbelieve (18:30).
We know best what they say; and thou hast not been appointed to compel them in any way. So admonish by means of the Quran him who fears My warning (50:46).
So remind. Thou art only one to remind. Thou art not a warden over them (88:22-23).
These verses, as it were, make an unequivocal declaration about the freedom of human conscience or the Magna Carta of the liberty of man’s beliefs and convictions. The injunctions embodied in these verses have not remained a dead letter. The Holy Prophet and his Companions lived up to them and strictly obeyed them even if acting upon them meant loss of prestige as it happened at the time of signing of the Treaty of Hudaibiya, or when the Jewish tribe of Banu Nadir, on their banishment from Medina, were allowed to take with them the scions of the Muslim families of Aus and Khazraj, much against the remonstrances of their Muslim relatives, because they (the scions) had chosen to go with the Jews (Abu Dawud Kitabul-Jihad, & Manthur). It is also on record that ‘Umar, the second Caliph, presented Islam on several occasions to a Christian slave of his, Asbaq by name, but every time he refused to accept it (Manthur). Instances of such tolerant behaviour on the part of the leaders of Islam during the ages can easily be multiplied. In the face of such magnanimous display of religious tolerance it seems unbelievable that Islam should have been accused of fanaticism and bigotry or of having been spread by force, but it is a sad fact of history that it has been so maligned and accused by its hostile critics.
1956
With this verse is introduced the subject of Jihad. The theme of Sacrifice has formed a befitting prelude to this all-important subject. Before the permission to fight in self-defence was given to Muslims, they were apprised of the importance of Sacrifice. The verse throws a flood of light on the Islamic conception of Jihad. Jihad, as the verse shows, is fighting in defence of Truth. But whereas Islam allows no aggressive war, it regards the waging of it to defend one’s honour, country or Faith as an act of the highest virtue. Man is God’s noblest handiwork. He is the acme of His creation, its aim and end. He is God’s vicegerent on earth and the king of His whole creation (2:31). This is the Islamic conception of man’s high place in the universe. It is, therefore, only natural that the religion which has raised man to such a high pedestal should also have attached very great importance and sanctity to human life. Of all things man’s life, according to the Qur’an, is the most sacred and inviolab
ثُمَّ اَرۡسَلۡنَا رُسُلَنَا تَتۡرَا ۖ کُلَّ مَا جَآءَ اُمَّۃً رَّسُوۡلُہَا کَذَّبُوۡہُ ۚ فَاَتۡبَعۡنَا بَعۡضَہُمۡ بَعۡضًا وَّجَعَلۡنٰہُمۡ اَحَادِیۡثَ ۚ فَبُعۡدًا لِّقَوۡمٍ لَّا یُؤۡمِنُوۡنَ
2:88; 36:31.
یعنی دنیا میں ان کا نام و نشان باقی نہ رہا۔
2:88; 36:31.
Their destruction was so complete that generations coming after them talked of them as of a people who once lived on this earth, as no trace of their existence was left.
2:88; 36:31.
Important Words:
تتراً (one after another) is derived from وتر. They say وترہ i.e. he made it (a number) sole; or one and no more; he made it to be odd number. وتر الخبر means, he made the tidings to follow one part after another or to follow with a small space between every two portions thereof. تواتر means, it was consecutive, or was so with intervals or was so with interruption. وترة of the nose means the partition between the two nostrils. جاؤواتتری means, they came following one another; one after another. ثم أرسلنا رسلنا تتری means, then We sent Our Messengers one after another; or interruptedly; at intervals or making a long time to intervene between every two (Lane & Aqrab).
Commentary:
This verse like several others shows that after a Divine Law has been revealed God continues to raise other Messengers to support, explain and establish it. After the Law of Moses was revealed God sent other Messengers who followed the Mosaic Law and exhorted the Israelites to follow it.
It appears from the Bible that there had always lived among the Israelites a number of Prophets and Reformers who explained the Torah to the Israelites. Jesus was the last of these Prophets. He himself says, "Think not that I am come to destroy the Law, or the Prophets. I am not come to destroy but to fulfil. For verily I say unto you, till heaven and earth pass one jot or one tittle shall in no wise pass from the Law, till all be fulfilled" (Matt. 5:17, 18).
The words, "We made them mere tales," signify that when the opponents of the Prophets are destroyed their destruction is so complete that generations coming after them talk of them as people who once lived on this earth, because no trace of their existence or work remains behind.
c
2:88; 36:31.
1
یعنی دنیا میں ان کا نام و نشان باقی نہ رہا۔
d
2:88; 36:31.
2542
Important Words:
تتراً (one after another) is derived from وتر. They say وترہ i.e. he made it (a number) sole; or one and no more; he made it to be odd number. وتر الخبر means, he made the tidings to follow one part after another or to follow with a small space between every two portions thereof. تواتر means, it was consecutive, or was so with intervals or was so with interruption. وترة of the nose means the partition between the two nostrils. جاؤواتتری means, they came following one another; one after another. ثم أرسلنا رسلنا تتری means, then We sent Our Messengers one after another; or interruptedly; at intervals or making a long time to intervene between every two (Lane & Aqrab).
Commentary:
This verse like several others shows that after a Divine Law has been revealed God continues to raise other Messengers to support, explain and establish it. After the Law of Moses was revealed God sent other Messengers who followed the Mosaic Law and exhorted the Israelites to follow it.
It appears from the Bible that there had always lived among the Israelites a number of Prophets and Reformers who explained the Torah to the Israelites. Jesus was the last of these Prophets. He himself says, "Think not that I am come to destroy the Law, or the Prophets. I am not come to destroy but to fulfil. For verily I say unto you, till heaven and earth pass one jot or one tittle shall in no wise pass from the Law, till all be fulfilled" (Matt. 5:17, 18).
The words, "We made them mere tales," signify that when the opponents of the Prophets are destroyed their destruction is so complete that generations coming after them talk of them as people who once lived on this earth, because no trace of their existence or work remains behind.
c
2:88; 36:31.
1999
Their destruction was so complete that generations coming after them talked of them as of a people who once lived on this earth, as no trace of their existence was left.
اَلزَّانِیَۃُ وَالزَّانِیۡ فَاجۡلِدُوۡا کُلَّ وٰحِدٍ مِّنۡہُمَا مِائَۃَ جَلۡدَۃٍ ۖ وَّلَا تَاۡخُذۡکُمۡ بِہِمَا رَاۡفَۃٌ فِیۡ دِیۡنِ اللّٰہِ اِنۡ کُنۡتُمۡ تُؤۡمِنُوۡنَ بِاللّٰہِ وَالۡیَوۡمِ الۡاٰخِرِ ۖ وَلۡیَشۡہَدۡ عَذَابَہُمَا طَآئِفَۃٌ مِّنَ الۡمُؤۡمِنِیۡنَ
The words, az-Zani and az-Zaniyah, signify respectively both an adulterer and a fornicator; and an adulteress and a fornicatress.
Chastity as a moral virtue holds a very high place in the code of Islamic laws that govern relations between the sexes. The present Surah has laid down comprehensive commandments to safeguard and protect it. Islam views with extreme disapprobation the slightest breach of these laws. It is Islam’s very great sensitiveness about chastity that is reflected in the punishment prescribed for adultery or fornication in the verse under comment. The punishment prescribed is hundred stripes, no distinction having been made whether the guilty persons are married or unmarried or one of the party is married and the other unmarried. Flogging and not stoning to death, according to this verse, is the prescribed punishment. Nowhere in the Qur’an stoning to death has been laid down as punishment for adultery and, for that matter, for any other crime, however serious. Islam has not prescribed killing as a necessary and unqualified punishment even for crimes much more heinous than adultery such as unprovoked murder
Important Words:
الزانی is act. part. from زنی (aor. یزنی inf. n. زنی & زناء). They say زنی بھا i.e. he committed fornication or adultery with her. Thus الزنا means both fornication and adultery. ابن زنی، ولد زنیة and ولد الزنا all mean the same thing, i.e. the offspring of fornication or adultery. الزانی means, fornicator or adulterer, and الزانیة means, fornicatress or adulteress; and applied to a man it has an intensive meaning, i.e. one much addicted to fornication or adultery. The plural of زان is زناة like قضاة which is plural of قاض and the plural of زانیة is زوان (Lane & Aqrab).
جلدة (stripes) is derived from جلد. They say جلدہ i.e. he hit or hurt his skin; he beat his skin; he beat him; he struck him with a whip; he flogged him with a whip. جلدة means, flogging, scourging, whipping; stripe. The word is used both as plural and singular (Lane & Aqrab).
Commentary:
Chastity as a moral virtue holds a very high place in the code of Islamic laws that govern relations between the sexes. The present Surah has laid down comprehensive commandments to safeguard and protect it. Islam views with extreme disapprobation the slightest breach of these laws. It is Islam’s very great sensitiveness about chastity that is reflected in the punishment prescribed for adultery or fornication in the verse under comment. The punishment prescribed is hundred stripes, no distinction having been made whether the guilty persons are married or unmarried or one of the party is married and the other unmarried. Thus flogging and not stoning to death according to this verse is the punishment prescribed by Islam for adultery or fornication. Nowhere in the Quran has stoning to death been laid down as punishment for adultery and for that matter for any other crime however serious. Islam has not prescribed killing as a necessary and unqualified punishment even for crimes much more heinous than adultery such as unprovoked murder, dacoity, treason against the state and disturbing the peace of the land. Though extreme penalty for these crimes is death, yet the payment of blood money in the case of the first offence (2:129) and imprisonment or banishment for the other crimes (5:33-34) have been laid down as alternative punishments. Elsewhere in the Quran where punishment for adultery for a married slave-girl is mentioned (4:26), it is clearly stated that she will get half the punishment prescribed for that of a free, married woman; and evidently the punishment of stoning to death cannot be halved.
So in spite of the fact that the Quran has quite clearly and unequivocally laid down (as in the verse under comment) flogging as the punishment for adultery and has made no discrimination whatever between a married or an unmarried culprit in the matter of awarding punishment (because زانی means both a fornicator and adulterer), and in spite of the fact that the present and other relevant verses were revealed in connection with slander-mongering about ‘A’ishah, the Holy Prophet’s noble consort, who herself was a married lady, it is curious that the misconception has persisted without any justification or linguistic authority among certain schools of Muslim religious thought that the verse under comment deals with punishment for unmarried persons only and that the punishment for a married adulterer and adulteress is stoning to death. The misconception seems to be due to a few cases recorded in Hadith whereby married persons guilty of adultery were stoned to death by the order of the Holy Prophet. One of these few cases was that of a Jew and a Jewess who were stoned to death in accordance with the Mosaic Law (Bukhari). It was invariably the Holy Prophet’s practice that he abided by the Law of the Torah in deciding cases till a new commandment was revealed to him. In one or two other cases on record in which the punishment accorded was stoning to death, it has not been established whether the crime was committed before or after the verse under comment was revealed. It seems that in cases in which the guilty person was stoned to death, the crime was committed before the revelation of this verse, but by some miscalculation on the part of some chronicler it was believed to have taken place after it. There is no dearth of such historical anachronisms in the books of Hadith. Or there might have been some other aggravating circumstances besides the crime of adultery which made the Holy Prophet award the guilty person or persons the extreme punishment of death and which the chronicler of the incident failed to take into account. Otherwise it is simply inconceivable that the Holy Prophet should have contravened the quite clear and unequivocal Divine commandment in this respect.
Another possible cause for misunderstanding about the form of punishment for adultery may be a saying attributed to Caliph ‘Umar. He is reported to have said: "There was a verse in the Book of God about rajm (stoning). We read it, we understood it and we remembered it. The Holy Prophet stoned adulterers to death and we also stoned after him. Were it not that people might say that ‘Umar had added in the Book of God what was not in it, I would have written it down" (Kashful-Ghummah vol.2, p.111). The whole hadith seems to be a pure fabrication or at best the result of misunderstanding or distortion of what ‘Umar might actually have said. How by writing down in the Quran what was a part of it could be called an addition to it and how, of all men, ‘Umar could have been afraid of anybody for doing the right thing, least of all for restoring to the Quran a lost text! It is impossible to attribute such confused thinking and irresponsible talk to a man of ‘Umar’s intellectual and moral calibre and stature. If the saying were to be taken at its face value, the whole claim of the Quran that it enjoys perpetual Divine protection and therefore is quite free from human interference falls to the ground.
‘Ali seems to hold quite a different view from that of ‘Umar regarding this very important religious question. After flogging a woman who had committed adultery and then stoning her to death, he is reported to have said: "I have flogged her in obedience to the commandment of the Book of God and have stoned her to death in accordance with the practice of the Holy Prophet" (Bukhari). From this hadith, two inferences clearly emerge:
(1) In the matter of punishing an adulterer or adulteress the practice of the Holy Prophet was at variance with the commandment of God as laid down in the Quran, which is impossible. (2) Whereas according to ‘Umar there was a commandment in the Book of God about stoning to death of an adulterer, according to ‘Ali there was no such commandment, it was only the practice of the Holy Prophet according to which he stoned to death persons guilty of adultery. It is impossible to reconcile the views of these two great leaders of Islam and equally impossible to believe that they held diametrically opposed views regarding a most important question of religion. And it is indeed very surprising that in the face of quite clear, unambiguous and unequivocal Divine commandments the view should have been held, of all men by ‘Umar and ‘Ali, or by any school of Muslim religious thought that Islam has prescribed stoning to death as punishment for an adulterer. The Quran rejects this view as wholly untenable. Somewhere some misunderstanding must have occurred on the part of a chronicler or narrator of the sayings of the Holy Prophet which has caused all this confusion.
It may be of interest to note that the verse has used the words الزانی and الزانیة (and not زانی and زانیة) which suggest a particular class of adulterers and fornicators such as hardened or habitual culprits or those who are lost to all sense of shame and remorse and having thrown all restraint and constraint to the winds indulge in this hideous crime openly.
The verse further lays down that the beating of the culprit should not be so severe as to cause his death or break his bone but should hurt only the skin as the word اجلدوا used in the verse signifies and as is implied in 4:26.
2592
Important Words:
الزانی is act. part. from زنی (aor. یزنی inf. n. زنی & زناء). They say زنی بھا i.e. he committed fornication or adultery with her. Thus الزنا means both fornication and adultery. ابن زنی، ولد زنیة and ولد الزنا all mean the same thing, i.e. the offspring of fornication or adultery. الزانی means, fornicator or adulterer, and الزانیة means, fornicatress or adulteress; and applied to a man it has an intensive meaning, i.e. one much addicted to fornication or adultery. The plural of زان is زناة like قضاة which is plural of قاض and the plural of زانیة is زوان (Lane & Aqrab).
جلدة (stripes) is derived from جلد. They say جلدہ i.e. he hit or hurt his skin; he beat his skin; he beat him; he struck him with a whip; he flogged him with a whip. جلدة means, flogging, scourging, whipping; stripe. The word is used both as plural and singular (Lane & Aqrab).
Commentary:
Chastity as a moral virtue holds a very high place in the code of Islamic laws that govern relations between the sexes. The present Surah has laid down comprehensive commandments to safeguard and protect it. Islam views with extreme disapprobation the slightest breach of these laws. It is Islam’s very great sensitiveness about chastity that is reflected in the punishment prescribed for adultery or fornication in the verse under comment. The punishment prescribed is hundred stripes, no distinction having been made whether the guilty persons are married or unmarried or one of the party is married and the other unmarried. Thus flogging and not stoning to death according to this verse is the punishment prescribed by Islam for adultery or fornication. Nowhere in the Quran has stoning to death been laid down as punishment for adultery and for that matter for any other crime however serious. Islam has not prescribed killing as a necessary and unqualified punishment even for crimes much more heinous than adultery such as unprovoked murder, dacoity, treason against the state and disturbing the peace of the land. Though extreme penalty for these crimes is death, yet the payment of blood money in the case of the first offence (2:129) and imprisonment or banishment for the other crimes (5:33-34) have been laid down as alternative punishments. Elsewhere in the Quran where punishment for adultery for a married slave-girl is mentioned (4:26), it is clearly stated that she will get half the punishment prescribed for that of a free, married woman; and evidently the punishment of stoning to death cannot be halved.
So in spite of the fact that the Quran has quite clearly and unequivocally laid down (as in the verse under comment) flogging as the punishment for adultery and has made no discrimination whatever between a married or an unmarried culprit in the matter of awarding punishment (because زانی means both a fornicator and adulterer), and in spite of the fact that the present and other relevant verses were revealed in connection with slander-mongering about ‘A’ishah, the Holy Prophet’s noble consort, who herself was a married lady, it is curious that the misconception has persisted without any justification or linguistic authority among certain schools of Muslim religious thought that the verse under comment deals with punishment for unmarried persons only and that the punishment for a married adulterer and adulteress is stoning to death. The misconception seems to be due to a few cases recorded in Hadith whereby married persons guilty of adultery were stoned to death by the order of the Holy Prophet. One of these few cases was that of a Jew and a Jewess who were stoned to death in accordance with the Mosaic Law (Bukhari). It was invariably the Holy Prophet’s practice that he abided by the Law of the Torah in deciding cases till a new commandment was revealed to him. In one or two other cases on record in which the punishment accorded was stoning to death, it has not been established whether the crime was committed before or after the verse under comment was revealed. It seems that in cases in which the guilty person was stoned to death, the crime was committed before the revelation of this verse, but by some miscalculation on the part of some chronicler it was believed to have taken place after it. There is no dearth of such historical anachronisms in the books of Hadith. Or there might have been some other aggravating circumstances besides the crime of adultery which made the Holy Prophet award the guilty person or persons the extreme punishment of death and which the chronicler of the incident failed to take into account. Otherwise it is simply inconceivable that the Holy Prophet should have contravened the quite clear and unequivocal Divine commandment in this respect.
Another possible cause for misunderstanding about the form of punishment for adultery may be a saying attributed to Caliph ‘Umar. He is reported to have said: "There was a verse in the Book of God about rajm (stoning). We read it, we understood it and we remembered it. The Holy Prophet stoned adulterers to death and we also stoned after him. Were it not that people might say that ‘Umar had added in the Book of God what was not in it, I would have written it down" (Kashful-Ghummah vol.2, p.111). The whole hadith seems to be a pure fabrication or at best the result of misunderstanding or distortion of what ‘Umar might actually have said. How by writing down in the Quran what was a part of it could be called an addition to it and how, of all men, ‘Umar could have been afraid of anybody for doing the right thing, least of all for restoring to the Quran a lost text! It is impossible to attribute such confused thinking and irresponsible talk to a man of ‘Umar’s intellectual and moral calibre and stature. If the saying were to be taken at its face value, the whole claim of the Quran that it enjoys perpetual Divine protection and therefore is quite free from human interference falls to the ground.
‘Ali seems to hold quite a different view from that of ‘Umar regarding this very important religious question. After flogging a woman who had committed adultery and then stoning her to death, he is reported to have said: "I have flogged her in obedience to the commandment of the Book of God and have stoned her to death in accordance with the practice of the Holy Prophet" (Bukhari). From this hadith, two inferences clearly emerge:
(1) In the matter of punishing an adulterer or adulteress the practice of the Holy Prophet was at variance with the commandment of God as laid down in the Quran, which is impossible. (2) Whereas according to ‘Umar there was a commandment in the Book of God about stoning to death of an adulterer, according to ‘Ali there was no such commandment, it was only the practice of the Holy Prophet according to which he stoned to death persons guilty of adultery. It is impossible to reconcile the views of these two great leaders of Islam and equally impossible to believe that they held diametrically opposed views regarding a most important question of religion. And it is indeed very surprising that in the face of quite clear, unambiguous and unequivocal Divine commandments the view should have been held, of all men by ‘Umar and ‘Ali, or by any school of Muslim religious thought that Islam has prescribed stoning to death as punishment for an adulterer. The Quran rejects this view as wholly untenable. Somewhere some misunderstanding must have occurred on the part of a chronicler or narrator of the sayings of the Holy Prophet which has caused all this confusion.
It may be of interest to note that the verse has used the words الزانی and الزانیة (and not زانی and زانیة) which suggest a particular class of adulterers and fornicators such as hardened or habitual culprits or those who are lost to all sense of shame and remorse and having thrown all restraint and constraint to the winds indulge in this hideous crime openly.
The verse further lays down that the beating of the culprit should not be so severe as to cause his death or break his bone but should hurt only the skin as the word اجلدوا used in the verse signifies and as is implied in 4:26.
2025A
The words, az-Zani and az-Zaniyah, signify respectively both an adulterer and a fornicator; and an adulteress and a fornicatress.
2026
Chastity as a moral virtue holds a very high place in the code of Islamic laws that govern relations between the sexes. The present Surah has laid down comprehensive commandments to safeguard and protect it. Islam views with extreme disapprobation the slightest breach of these laws. It is Islam’s very great sensitiveness about chastity that is reflected in the punishment prescribed for adultery or fornication in the verse under comment. The punishment prescribed is hundred stripes, no distinction having been made whether the guilty persons are married or unmarried or one of the party is married and the other unmarried. Flogging and not stoning to death, according to this verse, is the prescribed punishment. Nowhere in the Qur’an stoning to death has been laid down as punishment for adultery and, for that matter, for any other crime, however serious. Islam has not prescribed killing as a necessary and unqualified punishment even for crimes much more heinous than adultery such as unprovoked murder
وَاللّٰہُ خَلَقَ کُلَّ دَآبَّۃٍ مِّنۡ مَّآءٍ ۖ فَمِنۡہُمۡ مَّنۡ یَّمۡشِیۡ عَلٰی بَطۡنِہٖ وَمِنۡہُمۡ مَّنۡ یَّمۡشِیۡ عَلٰی رِجۡلَیۡنِ وَمِنۡہُمۡ مَّنۡ یَّمۡشِیۡ عَلٰۤی اَرۡبَعٍ ۚ یَخۡلُقُ اللّٰہُ مَا یَشَآءُ ۚ اِنَّ اللّٰہَ عَلٰی کُلِّ شَیۡءٍ قَدِیۡرٌ
25:55.
The verse describes the nature and form of the progress of spiritual pilgrims to their destined goal. The progress of some of them is extremely slow. They creep and crawl to their destination. Others go quicker like animals that move on two legs, yet others go faster like four-legged animals. What is hinted at here is speed and not the method of locomotion. The four- legged animals are, as a rule, speedier of movement than the bipeds or the crawlers. The same is true of spiritual travellers.
25:55.
Commentary:
This verse describes the nature and form of the progress of spiritual pilgrims to their destined goal. The progress of some of them is extremely slow. They creep and crawl to their destination. Others go quicker like animals that move on two legs, yet others go faster like four-legged animals. What is hinted at here is speed and not the method of locomotion. The four-legged animals are, as a rule, speedier of movement than the bipeds or the crawlers. The same is the case with the spiritual travellers.
a
25:55.
912
这节经文描写精神旅行去目的地的方式及其性质。有些人的进步是极其缓慢的。他们是爬着去目的地的。另外一些人像两足动物那样前进得快些, 还有些人像四条腿的动物进步得更快些。这里暗示的是速度而不是行动的方法。四条腿的动物, 一般说来, 比两足的或爬行的动物运动要快些。精神旅行者的情况也是一样。
a
25:55.
2626
Commentary:
This verse describes the nature and form of the progress of spiritual pilgrims to their destined goal. The progress of some of them is extremely slow. They creep and crawl to their destination. Others go quicker like animals that move on two legs, yet others go faster like four-legged animals. What is hinted at here is speed and not the method of locomotion. The four-legged animals are, as a rule, speedier of movement than the bipeds or the crawlers. The same is the case with the spiritual travellers.
a
25:55.
2054
The verse describes the nature and form of the progress of spiritual pilgrims to their destined goal. The progress of some of them is extremely slow. They creep and crawl to their destination. Others go quicker like animals that move on two legs, yet others go faster like four-legged animals. What is hinted at here is speed and not the method of locomotion. The four- legged animals are, as a rule, speedier of movement than the bipeds or the crawlers. The same is true of spiritual travellers.
اَلَّذِیۡ لَہٗ مُلۡکُ السَّمٰوٰتِ وَالۡاَرۡضِ وَلَمۡ یَتَّخِذۡ وَلَدًا وَّلَمۡ یَکُنۡ لَّہٗ شَرِیۡکٌ فِی الۡمُلۡکِ وَخَلَقَ کُلَّ شَیۡءٍ فَقَدَّرَہٗ تَقۡدِیۡرًا
2:117; 10:69; 17:112; 18:5; 19:89; 21:27; 39:5; 43:82.
2:117; 10:69; 17:112; 18:5; 19:89; 21:27; 39:5; 43:82.
The clause, 'and has determined its proper measure,' signifies that there is a limit to the powers and functions or development of everything which it cannot defy or go beyond. These limitations point to one law that operates in the whole universe and hence to one Designer, Creator and Controller—a Creator Whose powers are limitless but Who has imposed limits on all things.
2:117; 10:69; 17:112; 18:5; 19:89; 21:27; 39:5; 43:82.
Commentary:
The most fundamental and pivotal teaching of the Quran, around which all its other teachings revolve, is the belief in the Oneness of God and it is for the dissemination and establishment of this belief on earth that it has primarily been revealed. The present and the next few verses mention the following six indispensable attributes which the Divine Being Who alone should command our adoration and unconditional and unreserved surrender and submission must possesses: (i) He should be the sole and undisputed Master of what is in the heavens and the earth; (ii) He should need no son to succeed Him or help Him in the control and governance of the universe; (iii) There should be no one to dispute with Him the possession or control of this kingdom; (iv) He should have created everything and have endowed it with proper qualities and attributes and should have ordained proper measure for its continued existence and develop-ment; (v) unlike false deities He should have the power to do good or harm; and (vi) He should possess complete control over life and death. God, the Almighty, possesses all these qualities in full measure; and as He is the Creator of heavens and earth and the undisputed Master of everything that is in and between them, His word must be, and in fact is, in perfect harmony with the laws of nature and therefore its rejection or acceptance constitutes not only the denial or acceptance of a revealed Law but amounts also to flouting or submitting to the laws of nature.
The word ولد is used for both male and female and for singular and plural forms. Thus it means, son or daughter, a child or children. The words, "Who has created everything," signify that God is the Creator of both the matter and the soul. Matter and soul are not uncreated or co-existent with God as is mistakenly held by those who believe in the theory of the transmigration of souls. The clause, "and has given it its proper proportion," means that everything does its allotted task regularly, punctually and without fail and that there is a limit to the powers and functions or development of everything which it cannot defy or go beyond. These limitations point to one law that operates in the whole universe and hence to one Designer, Creator and Controller—a Creator Whose powers are limitless and Who has imposed these limits on all other things.
b
2:117; 10:69; 17:112; 18:5; 19:89; 21:27; 39:5; 43:82.
a
2:117; 10:69; 17:112; 18:5; 19:89; 21:27; 39:5; 43:82.
2642
Commentary:
The most fundamental and pivotal teaching of the Quran, around which all its other teachings revolve, is the belief in the Oneness of God and it is for the dissemination and establishment of this belief on earth that it has primarily been revealed. The present and the next few verses mention the following six indispensable attributes which the Divine Being Who alone should command our adoration and unconditional and unreserved surrender and submission must possesses: (i) He should be the sole and undisputed Master of what is in the heavens and the earth; (ii) He should need no son to succeed Him or help Him in the control and governance of the universe; (iii) There should be no one to dispute with Him the possession or control of this kingdom; (iv) He should have created everything and have endowed it with proper qualities and attributes and should have ordained proper measure for its continued existence and develop-ment; (v) unlike false deities He should have the power to do good or harm; and (vi) He should possess complete control over life and death. God, the Almighty, possesses all these qualities in full measure; and as He is the Creator of heavens and earth and the undisputed Master of everything that is in and between them, His word must be, and in fact is, in perfect harmony with the laws of nature and therefore its rejection or acceptance constitutes not only the denial or acceptance of a revealed Law but amounts also to flouting or submitting to the laws of nature.
The word ولد is used for both male and female and for singular and plural forms. Thus it means, son or daughter, a child or children. The words, "Who has created everything," signify that God is the Creator of both the matter and the soul. Matter and soul are not uncreated or co-existent with God as is mistakenly held by those who believe in the theory of the transmigration of souls. The clause, "and has given it its proper proportion," means that everything does its allotted task regularly, punctually and without fail and that there is a limit to the powers and functions or development of everything which it cannot defy or go beyond. These limitations point to one law that operates in the whole universe and hence to one Designer, Creator and Controller—a Creator Whose powers are limitless and Who has imposed these limits on all other things.
b
2:117; 10:69; 17:112; 18:5; 19:89; 21:27; 39:5; 43:82.
2064
The clause, 'and has determined its proper measure,' signifies that there is a limit to the powers and functions or development of everything which it cannot defy or go beyond. These limitations point to one law that operates in the whole universe and hence to one Designer, Creator and Controller—a Creator Whose powers are limitless but Who has imposed limits on all things.
اَلَّذِیۡنَ یَحۡمِلُوۡنَ الۡعَرۡشَ وَمَنۡ حَوۡلَہٗ یُسَبِّحُوۡنَ بِحَمۡدِ رَبِّہِمۡ وَیُؤۡمِنُوۡنَ بِہٖ وَیَسۡتَغۡفِرُوۡنَ لِلَّذِیۡنَ اٰمَنُوۡا رَبَّنَا وَسِعۡتَ کُلَّ شَیۡءٍ رَّحۡمَۃً وَّعِلۡمًا فَاغۡفِرۡ لِلَّذِیۡنَ تَابُوۡا وَاتَّبَعُوۡا سَبِیۡلَکَ وَقِہِمۡ عَذَابَ الۡجَحِیۡمِ
39:76; 69:18.
正如 عَرْش (‘Arsh) 意指安拉的常德 (见注释498和580), 因此, “那些负荷着帝位的”, 这句话的意思是指可以显示出那些常德的那些人或存在物。因为自然法则是通过天使而起作用的, 而先知是安拉的话向人类宣扬的工具, “那些负荷帝位的”, 这句话, 可以意指天使和安拉派遣的使者。而 “在其四周的”, 可以意指帮助主要天使执行世上事务的次要天使, 或传播和宣扬先知教义的真实信奉者。
39:76; 69:18.
As ‘Arsh signifies Divine attributes (see {986} & {1233}), the words, 'Those who bear the Throne,' would, therefore, mean, those beings or persons through whom those attributes are manifested. As the laws of nature work through the angels, and the Prophets are the instruments through whom God’s Word is preached to mankind, the words, 'Those who bear the Throne,' may signify both the angels and the Divine Messengers, and the words, 'those who are around it,' may signify subordinate angels who assist the principal angels in executing the affairs of the world or the true followers of the Prophets who preach and disseminate the teachings of the Prophets. See also {986}.
39:76; 69:18.
Commentary:
As عرش (Throne) signifies Divine attributes (see 10:4 & 39:76), "the bearers of the Throne" would, therefore, mean those beings or persons through whom those attributes are manifested. The laws of nature work through the angels, and the Prophets are the instruments through whom God’s Word is preached to mankind. Thus the words "those who bear the Throne" may signify both the angels and Divine Messengers. The four principal Divine attributes being رب (the Lord), الرحمن (the Gracious), الرحیم (the Merciful) and مالك یوم الدین (Master of the Day of Judgement), the most important bearers of the Throne are those angels through whom these four attributes find their manifestation and expression; and the words "those who are around it" may signify subordinate angels who assist the principal angels in executing the affairs of the world.
God’s attributes of 'mercy' and 'knowledge,' according to this verse, are among the most important and all-comprehensive of Divine attributes.
Asking of forgiveness by angels for believers consists in the fact that they help the believers in preaching the Word of God and spreading righteousness on earth.
b
39:76; 69:18.
1153
正如 عَرْش (‘Arsh) 意指安拉的常德 (见注释498和580), 因此, “那些负荷着帝位的”, 这句话的意思是指可以显示出那些常德的那些人或存在物。因为自然法则是通过天使而起作用的, 而先知是安拉的话向人类宣扬的工具, “那些负荷帝位的”, 这句话, 可以意指天使和安拉派遣的使者。而 “在其四周的”, 可以意指帮助主要天使执行世上事务的次要天使, 或传播和宣扬先知教义的真实信奉者。
a
39:76; 69:18.
3499
Commentary:
As عرش (Throne) signifies Divine attributes (see 10:4 & 39:76), "the bearers of the Throne" would, therefore, mean those beings or persons through whom those attributes are manifested. The laws of nature work through the angels, and the Prophets are the instruments through whom God’s Word is preached to mankind. Thus the words "those who bear the Throne" may signify both the angels and Divine Messengers. The four principal Divine attributes being رب (the Lord), الرحمن (the Gracious), الرحیم (the Merciful) and مالك یوم الدین (Master of the Day of Judgement), the most important bearers of the Throne are those angels through whom these four attributes find their manifestation and expression; and the words "those who are around it" may signify subordinate angels who assist the principal angels in executing the affairs of the world.
God’s attributes of 'mercy' and 'knowledge,' according to this verse, are among the most important and all-comprehensive of Divine attributes.
Asking of forgiveness by angels for believers consists in the fact that they help the believers in preaching the Word of God and spreading righteousness on earth.
c
39:76; 69:18.
2595
As ‘Arsh signifies Divine attributes (see {986} & {1233}), the words, 'Those who bear the Throne,' would, therefore, mean, those beings or persons through whom those attributes are manifested. As the laws of nature work through the angels, and the Prophets are the instruments through whom God’s Word is preached to mankind, the words, 'Those who bear the Throne,' may signify both the angels and the Divine Messengers, and the words, 'those who are around it,' may signify subordinate angels who assist the principal angels in executing the affairs of the world or the true followers of the Prophets who preach and disseminate the teachings of the Prophets. See also {986}.
وَقَالُوۡا لِجُلُوۡدِہِمۡ لِمَ شَہِدتُّمۡ عَلَیۡنَا ۖ قَالُوۡۤا اَنۡطَقَنَا اللّٰہُ الَّذِیۡۤ اَنۡطَقَ کُلَّ شَیۡءٍ وَّہُوَ خَلَقَکُمۡ اَوَّلَ مَرَّۃٍ وَّاِلَیۡہِ تُرۡجَعُوۡنَ
皮肤在人的活动中起着很重要的作用。它不仅有触觉, 而且还有其他一切感觉。虽然耳目的罪过局限于视听, “皮肤” 的罪过旁及身体上所有的器官和四肢。
The skin plays the most important part in man’s actions. It includes not only the sense of touch but also all the other senses. While the sins of the eyes and the ears are confined to seeing and hearing, the sins of 'the skin' extend to all organs or limbs of the body.
Commentary:
In the previous verse it was mentioned that the ears, eyes and skins of the guilty will give evidence against them. In this verse the first two organs have been omitted and only "the skins" are mentioned as having been given the power to speak. This is because the skin plays the most important part in man’s actions. It includes not only the sense of touch but also all the other senses. While the sins of the eyes and the ears are confined to seeing and hearing, the sins of "the skin" extend to all organs or limbs of the body.
1184
皮肤在人的活动中起着很重要的作用。它不仅有触觉, 而且还有其他一切感觉。虽然耳目的罪过局限于视听, “皮肤” 的罪过旁及身体上所有的器官和四肢。
3573
Commentary:
In the previous verse it was mentioned that the ears, eyes and skins of the guilty will give evidence against them. In this verse the first two organs have been omitted and only "the skins" are mentioned as having been given the power to speak. This is because the skin plays the most important part in man’s actions. It includes not only the sense of touch but also all the other senses. While the sins of the eyes and the ears are confined to seeing and hearing, the sins of "the skin" extend to all organs or limbs of the body.
2629
The skin plays the most important part in man’s actions. It includes not only the sense of touch but also all the other senses. While the sins of the eyes and the ears are confined to seeing and hearing, the sins of 'the skin' extend to all organs or limbs of the body.
وَتَرٰی کُلَّ اُمَّۃٍ جَاثِیَۃً ۚ کُلُّ اُمَّۃٍ تُدۡعٰۤی اِلٰی کِتٰبِہَا الۡیَوۡمَ تُجۡزَوۡنَ مَا کُنۡتُمۡ تَعۡمَلُوۡنَ
17:14.
یعنی ہر قوم کا پہلا فیصلہ اس کی شریعت کے مطابق ہوگا کیونکہ وہ دوسری شریعت کو تو جھوٹا سمجھتی تھی مگر کیا اپنی شریعت پر اس کا عمل تھا؟ موجودہ زمانہ میں دیکھو تو اس اصل کو مدنظر رکھ کر نہ مسلمان نجات پاتے ہیں‘ نہ عیسائی‘ نہ کوئی اور قوم۔ کیونکہ دوسری شریعتوں کو چھوڑ کر وہ اپنی شریعت پر بھی عمل نہیں کرتے۔
17:14.
The words, 'every people will be summoned to its Book,' suggest that the "Hour" referred to in the previous verse signifies the hour of the reckoning of a people in this very life, because in this life also nations are judged by their deeds and are punished or rewarded accordingly.
17:14; 83:7-10.
Commentary:
The words, "every people will be summoned to its Book," suggest that the "Hour" referred to in the previous verse signifies the hour of the reckoning of a people in this very life, because in this life nations are judged by their deeds and are punished or rewarded accordingly.
b
17:14.
2
یعنی ہر قوم کا پہلا فیصلہ اس کی شریعت کے مطابق ہوگا کیونکہ وہ دوسری شریعت کو تو جھوٹا سمجھتی تھی مگر کیا اپنی شریعت پر اس کا عمل تھا؟ موجودہ زمانہ میں دیکھو تو اس اصل کو مدنظر رکھ کر نہ مسلمان نجات پاتے ہیں‘ نہ عیسائی‘ نہ کوئی اور قوم۔ کیونکہ دوسری شریعتوں کو چھوڑ کر وہ اپنی شریعت پر بھی عمل نہیں کرتے۔
a
17:14; 83:7-10.
3751
Commentary:
The words, "every people will be summoned to its Book," suggest that the "Hour" referred to in the previous verse signifies the hour of the reckoning of a people in this very life, because in this life nations are judged by their deeds and are punished or rewarded accordingly.
b
17:14.
2714A
The words, 'every people will be summoned to its Book,' suggest that the "Hour" referred to in the previous verse signifies the hour of the reckoning of a people in this very life, because in this life also nations are judged by their deeds and are punished or rewarded accordingly.
تُدَمِّرُ کُلَّ شَیۡءٍۭ بِاَمۡرِ رَبِّہَا فَاَصۡبَحُوۡا لَا یُرٰۤی اِلَّا مَسٰکِنُہُمۡ ۚ کَذٰلِکَ نَجۡزِی الۡقَوۡمَ الۡمُجۡرِمِیۡنَ
7:73.
Commentary:
As mentioned above, the Adites were specially advanced in architecture. They built monuments on high places and erected palatial buildings. They had their summer residences, their factories and mechanical works. But they were so completely destroyed that it seemed that they had never existed and only the ruined remnants of their once lofty and strongly-built dwellings could be seen.
b
7:73.
3779
Commentary:
As mentioned above, the Adites were specially advanced in architecture. They built monuments on high places and erected palatial buildings. They had their summer residences, their factories and mechanical works. But they were so completely destroyed that it seemed that they had never existed and only the ruined remnants of their once lofty and strongly-built dwellings could be seen.
اَلۡقِیَا فِیۡ جَہَنَّمَ کُلَّ کَفَّارٍ عَنِیۡدٍ
68:13.
The dual form of Alqiya is used either because the command is given to the two angels—the Sa’iq and the Shahid, or, in order to impart emphasis to the command. This form of expression is also used in 23:100 where a plural verb is used for the subject in the singular. This is quite in consonance with the rules of Arabic grammar.
Important Words:
عنید (enemy) is derived from عند which means, he went aside from it; he opposed and rejected what was true or just; he overstepped or transgressed the proper bound or limit; he acted immoderately or in rebellion. عنید is used here in all the senses of the root word (Lane & Aqrab).
Commentary:
The dual form in ألقیا is used either because the command is given to the two angels—the سائق and the شھید —or in order to impart emphasis to the command. This form of expression is also used in 23:100 where a plural verb is used for the subject in the singular. The plural form ارجعون in that verse is used to lend emphasis to the disbelievers’ desire to be sentback to this world, and represents the repetition of the singular form ارجعنی (irj‘ini).
a
68:13.
3876
Important Words:
عنید (enemy) is derived from عند which means, he went aside from it; he opposed and rejected what was true or just; he overstepped or transgressed the proper bound or limit; he acted immoderately or in rebellion. عنید is used here in all the senses of the root word (Lane & Aqrab).
Commentary:
The dual form in ألقیا is used either because the command is given to the two angels—the سائق and the شھید —or in order to impart emphasis to the command. This form of expression is also used in 23:100 where a plural verb is used for the subject in the singular. The plural form ارجعون in that verse is used to lend emphasis to the disbelievers’ desire to be sentback to this world, and represents the repetition of the singular form ارجعنی (irj‘ini).
2809
The dual form of Alqiya is used either because the command is given to the two angels—the Sa’iq and the Shahid, or, in order to impart emphasis to the command. This form of expression is also used in 23:100 where a plural verb is used for the subject in the singular. This is quite in consonance with the rules of Arabic grammar.
اِنَّا کُلَّ شَیۡءٍ خَلَقۡنٰہُ بِقَدَرٍ
15:22; 25:3.
15:22; 25:3; 80:20.
Commentary:
The verse purports to say that there is a determined measure for everything. It has an appointed time and place. It is when the cup of iniquities of disbelievers becomes full, that they are seized with Divine punishment. God alone knows when and how to punish the wicked people. For the pagan Quraish, the Day of Badr was the appointed hour of punishment.
a
15:22; 25:3.
a
15:22; 25:3; 80:20.
4038
Commentary:
The verse purports to say that there is a determined measure for everything. It has an appointed time and place. It is when the cup of iniquities of disbelievers becomes full, that they are seized with Divine punishment. God alone knows when and how to punish the wicked people. For the pagan Quraish, the Day of Badr was the appointed hour of punishment.
a
15:22; 25:3.
2914
There is a determined measure for everything. It has an appointed time and place.
یَسۡـَٔلُہٗ مَنۡ فِی السَّمٰوٰتِ وَالۡاَرۡضِ ۚ کُلَّ یَوۡمٍ ہُوَ فِیۡ شَاۡنٍ
一切创造物的生命和给养都依赖安拉, 安拉是创造主、支持者和养育者。安拉的常德无边无际, 不可计量, 世世代代以各种方式不断显现。
مطلب یہ ہے کہ اس کی صفات اتنی غیر محدود ہیں کہ ہر لحظہ وہ نئی صفات کا ظہور کرتا رہتا ہے اور انسان کی طرح اس کی صفات صرف چند صفات میں محدودنہیں۔
All creatures depend for their life and sustenance on God Who is their Creator, Sustainer and Nourisher. His attributes know no limit or count, and they keep finding their manifestation in diverse ways all the time.
Commentary:
The verse signifies that all creatures depend for their life and sustenance on God Who is their Creator, Sustainer and Nourisher. He alone is Independent and the Besought of all. His attributes know no limit or count, and keep finding their manifestations in diverse ways all the time. He is very Kind and Merciful to him who deserves His Mercy and is Severe in punishing him who incurs His displeasure.
1352
一切创造物的生命和给养都依赖安拉, 安拉是创造主、支持者和养育者。安拉的常德无边无际, 不可计量, 世世代代以各种方式不断显现。
3
مطلب یہ ہے کہ اس کی صفات اتنی غیر محدود ہیں کہ ہر لحظہ وہ نئی صفات کا ظہور کرتا رہتا ہے اور انسان کی طرح اس کی صفات صرف چند صفات میں محدودنہیں۔
4066
Commentary:
The verse signifies that all creatures depend for their life and sustenance on God Who is their Creator, Sustainer and Nourisher. He alone is Independent and the Besought of all. His attributes know no limit or count, and keep finding their manifestations in diverse ways all the time. He is very Kind and Merciful to him who deserves His Mercy and is Severe in punishing him who incurs His displeasure.
2932
All creatures depend for their life and sustenance on God Who is their Creator, Sustainer and Nourisher. His attributes know no limit or count, and they keep finding their manifestation in diverse ways all the time.
لِّکَیۡلَا تَاۡسَوۡا عَلٰی مَا فَاتَکُمۡ وَلَا تَفۡرَحُوۡا بِمَاۤ اٰتٰٮکُمۡ ۗ وَاللّٰہُ لَا یُحِبُّ کُلَّ مُخۡتَالٍ فَخُوۡرٍ
3:154.
3:154.
3:154.
a
3:154.
a
3:154.
a
3:154.
۞ وَاِذَا رَاَیۡتَہُمۡ تُعۡجِبُکَ اَجۡسَامُہُمۡ ۖ وَاِنۡ یَّقُوۡلُوۡا تَسۡمَعۡ لِقَوۡلِہِمۡ ۖ کَاَنَّہُمۡ خُشُبٌ مُّسَنَّدَۃٌ ۖ یَّحۡسَبُوۡنَ کُلَّ صَیۡحَۃٍ عَلَیۡہِمۡ ۚ ہُمُ الۡعَدُوُّ فَاحۡذَرۡہُمۡ ۚ قٰتَلَہُمُ اللّٰہُ ۖ اَنّٰی یُؤۡفَکُوۡنَ
2:205.
A hypocrite lacks self-reliance. He is always in search of someone upon whom to lean. Or, the verse may signify that his interior does not correspond to his exterior. He so conducts himself that while outwardly he appears to be a reasonable, dignified and honest person, inwardly he is quite hollow and rotten to the core. He seeks to please people with his glib talk but, being a coward, he suspects and sees danger everywhere.
2:205.
Important Words:
مسندة (propped up) is derived from سند. They say سند الیه i.e. he leaned, rested or stayed himself against it or upon it. سند فی الجبلmeans, he ascended the mountain. سند (sannada) means, he set up pieces of wood as stays or props against a wall; he wore or clad himself with garments called سند (sanadun). The word also means, a thing upon or against which one leans, rests or stays himself, or a person upon whom one leans; mountain slope (Lane & Aqrab).
Commentary:
In this verse the hypocrites have been compared to blocks of wood propped up, or pieces of wood dressed up with clothes, which signifies that a hypocrite lacks self-reliance. He is always in search of some person or thing upon which to rest or lean. Or the word may signify that his interior does not correspond to his exterior. He so conducts himself that while outwardly he appears to be a reasonable, dignified and honest person, inwardly he is quite hollow and rotten to the core. He seeks to please with his glib talk but, being a coward, he suspects danger in every crisis.
d
2:205.
1431
伪信者缺乏自立精神。他总是寻求可以依赖的人。这节经文也可以表示, 伪信者内外不一。他的做人就是这样, 外表似乎是通情达理、道貌岸然的老实人而内在却十分空虚, 腐朽透顶。他只想花言巧语, 讨好人家, 可是胆小如鼠, 疑心重重, 但见四面楚歌。
a
2:205.
4247
Important Words:
مسندة (propped up) is derived from سند. They say سند الیه i.e. he leaned, rested or stayed himself against it or upon it. سند فی الجبلmeans, he ascended the mountain. سند (sannada) means, he set up pieces of wood as stays or props against a wall; he wore or clad himself with garments called سند (sanadun). The word also means, a thing upon or against which one leans, rests or stays himself, or a person upon whom one leans; mountain slope (Lane & Aqrab).
Commentary:
In this verse the hypocrites have been compared to blocks of wood propped up, or pieces of wood dressed up with clothes, which signifies that a hypocrite lacks self-reliance. He is always in search of some person or thing upon which to rest or lean. Or the word may signify that his interior does not correspond to his exterior. He so conducts himself that while outwardly he appears to be a reasonable, dignified and honest person, inwardly he is quite hollow and rotten to the core. He seeks to please with his glib talk but, being a coward, he suspects danger in every crisis.
d
2:205.
3051
A hypocrite lacks self-reliance. He is always in search of someone upon whom to lean. Or, the verse may signify that his interior does not correspond to his exterior. He so conducts himself that while outwardly he appears to be a reasonable, dignified and honest person, inwardly he is quite hollow and rotten to the core. He seeks to please people with his glib talk but, being a coward, he suspects and sees danger everywhere.
وَلَا تُطِعۡ کُلَّ حَلَّافٍ مَّہِیۡنٍ
یعنی گواہی کا طریق عقل اور شریعت نے مقرر کر دیا ہے۔ جو شخص خلافِ عقل طور پر اپنی بات کو سچا بنانے کے لئے قسمیں کھاتا ہے لیکن خدا کا فعل اسے ذلیل ہی کرتا جاتا ہے وہ لاکھ قسمیں کھائے اس کی بات کو نہیں ماننا چاہیے۔
1
یعنی گواہی کا طریق عقل اور شریعت نے مقرر کر دیا ہے۔ جو شخص خلافِ عقل طور پر اپنی بات کو سچا بنانے کے لئے قسمیں کھاتا ہے لیکن خدا کا فعل اسے ذلیل ہی کرتا جاتا ہے وہ لاکھ قسمیں کھائے اس کی بات کو نہیں ماننا چاہیے۔
لِّیَعۡلَمَ اَنۡ قَدۡ اَبۡلَغُوۡا رِسٰلٰتِ رَبِّہِمۡ وَاَحَاطَ بِمَا لَدَیۡہِمۡ وَاَحۡصٰی کُلَّ شَیۡءٍ عَدَدًۢا
真主的使者所得到的启示安全而不会遭到歪曲或窜改, 因为他们有安拉的一大使命要完成, 还有安拉的重大消息要传播。
یہاں جمع کا صیغہ ہے مگر مراد محمد رسول اللہ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم ہیں۔ جو سب نبیوں کے جامع ہیں۔ چنانچہ پہلی آیت میں رسول کا لفظ مفرد ہی ہے۔
The revelation of Divine Messengers is granted security against being distorted or tampered with because they have a great Divine mission to fulfil and a great Heavenly Message to deliver.
Commentary:
The revelation of Divine Messengers is granted security against being distorted or tampered with, because they have a great divine mission to fulfil and a great heavenly Message to deliver. It is also intended that people should realize that the Prophets would succeed in their mission and that obstacles and impediments placed in their way by disbelievers could not arrest or retard its progress.
1509
真主的使者所得到的启示安全而不会遭到歪曲或窜改, 因为他们有安拉的一大使命要完成, 还有安拉的重大消息要传播。
2
یہاں جمع کا صیغہ ہے مگر مراد محمد رسول اللہ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم ہیں۔ جو سب نبیوں کے جامع ہیں۔ چنانچہ پہلی آیت میں رسول کا لفظ مفرد ہی ہے۔
4413
Commentary:
The revelation of Divine Messengers is granted security against being distorted or tampered with, because they have a great divine mission to fulfil and a great heavenly Message to deliver. It is also intended that people should realize that the Prophets would succeed in their mission and that obstacles and impediments placed in their way by disbelievers could not arrest or retard its progress.
3149
The revelation of Divine Messengers is granted security against being distorted or tampered with because they have a great Divine mission to fulfil and a great Heavenly Message to deliver.