الۡجَنَّۃِ
Appears 26 times in Quran
Occurrences in Quran
Found 26 verses containing "الۡجَنَّۃِ".
وَالَّذِیۡنَ اٰمَنُوۡا وَعَمِلُوا الصّٰلِحٰتِ اُولٰٓئِکَ اَصۡحٰبُ الۡجَنَّۃِ ۖ ہُمۡ فِیۡہَا خٰلِدُوۡنَ
Important Words:
خالدون (shall abide) signifies a long time but not necessarily time without end. See note on 2:26.
Commentary:
This verse sententiously sets forth the Divine law relating to salvation or the entry into Heaven.
Almost all the religions of the world hold salvation as a monopoly for their adherents and condemn others to everlasting Hell. Islam has raised its powerful voice against such notions, declaring them to be false and baseless. It does not lend the least support to the idea that salvation will come as a free gift to a certain class of men in whose case punishment, if resorted to at all, will only be a nominal one. According to Islam salvation can be attained only by combining true faith with good actions. The condition as to true faith serves as a warning to those people who reject certain Prophets of God and still hope to attain salvation because they belong to a specified class and are descended from certain holy persons. And the condition of good actions serves as a warning to those who are negligent in deeds, thinking that mere enrolment in the category of believers will bring salvation. Islam would have none of them.
The word خالدون (shall abide) signifies a long, long time but not necessarily eternity. As will be noted, the word has been used in verses 82 and 83 both with regard to the inmates of Hell and of Heaven. This should not give rise to the misunderstanding either that both the punishment of Hell and the reward of Heaven are eternal or that both will come to an end after a long time. The Quran makes it clear elsewhere that though both the punishment of Hell and the reward of Heaven are meant to last long, it is only the reward of Heaven which is everlasting (11:107-109).
89
Important Words:
خالدون (shall abide) signifies a long time but not necessarily time without end. See note on 2:26.
Commentary:
This verse sententiously sets forth the Divine law relating to salvation or the entry into Heaven.
Almost all the religions of the world hold salvation as a monopoly for their adherents and condemn others to everlasting Hell. Islam has raised its powerful voice against such notions, declaring them to be false and baseless. It does not lend the least support to the idea that salvation will come as a free gift to a certain class of men in whose case punishment, if resorted to at all, will only be a nominal one. According to Islam salvation can be attained only by combining true faith with good actions. The condition as to true faith serves as a warning to those people who reject certain Prophets of God and still hope to attain salvation because they belong to a specified class and are descended from certain holy persons. And the condition of good actions serves as a warning to those who are negligent in deeds, thinking that mere enrolment in the category of believers will bring salvation. Islam would have none of them.
The word خالدون (shall abide) signifies a long, long time but not necessarily eternity. As will be noted, the word has been used in verses 82 and 83 both with regard to the inmates of Hell and of Heaven. This should not give rise to the misunderstanding either that both the punishment of Hell and the reward of Heaven are eternal or that both will come to an end after a long time. The Quran makes it clear elsewhere that though both the punishment of Hell and the reward of Heaven are meant to last long, it is only the reward of Heaven which is everlasting (11:107-109).
وَلَا تَنۡکِحُوا الۡمُشۡرِکٰتِ حَتّٰی یُؤۡمِنَّ ۚ وَلَاَمَۃٌ مُّؤۡمِنَۃٌ خَیۡرٌ مِّنۡ مُّشۡرِکَۃٍ وَّلَوۡ اَعۡجَبَتۡکُمۡ ۗ وَلَا تُنۡکِحُوا الۡمُشۡرِکِیۡنَ حَتّٰی یُؤۡمِنُوۡا ۚ وَلَعَبۡدٌ مُّؤۡمِنٌ خَیۡرٌ مِّنۡ مُّشۡرِکٍ وَّلَوۡ اَعۡجَبَکُمۡ ۗ اُولٰٓئِکَ یَدۡعُوۡنَ اِلَی النَّارِ ۖ وَاللّٰہُ یَدۡعُوۡۤا اِلَی الۡجَنَّۃِ وَالۡمَغۡفِرَۃِ بِاِذۡنِہٖ ۖ وَیُبَیِّنُ اٰیٰتِہٖ لِلنَّاسِ لَعَلَّہُمۡ یَتَذَکَّرُوۡنَ
60:11.
کیونکہ وہ جسم اور روح دونوں کے آرام کا خیال رکھ سکتی ہے۔
کیونکہ غلام کی اسلام میں تحقیر جائز نہیں اور جب وہ مسلم بھی ہو تو مسلم عورت کے لئے جسمانی اور روحانی طور پر زیادہ مفید ہوگا۔
60:11.
The question of marriage with "idolatrous women" is intimately connected with the subject of war, for it is during war that, being away from their homes for a considerable time, believers are liable to be tempted to contract marriages with such women. This, the Qur’an positively prohibits, as also the giving of believing women in marriage to idolatrous men. The prohibition is based on religious as well as on moral and social grounds. An idolatrous husband is bound to exercise an extremely baneful influence, not only on his wife but also on the children born of this union; and an idolatrous wife is sure to ruin the up-bringing of the offspring. Moreover, when a believing man has an idolatrous wife or vice versa, their ideas, beliefs and outlook on life being widely different, there can possibly exist no harmony or concord between the two and consequently no peace in the family. In Islam slavery carries no stigma of inferiority; and a Muslim bondwoman would in every respect be a better spouse for a Muslim
60:11.
Important Words:
تنکحوا––tankihu (marry) and تنکحوا––tunkihu (give in marriage) are both derived from نکح. They say نکح المطرالارض i.e. the rain fell on the earth and became mixed with the soil. نکح امرأة means, he married a woman. نکح زوجته means, he went in unto his wife. نکح المرأة امرء means, the woman married a man. انکح المرأة زیدا means, he gave the woman in marriage to Zaid. Thus نکاح means, both (1) marriage and (2) coition with one’s wife. The Quran itself uses the word in the latter sense in 2:231 (Aqrab & Mufradat).
مشرك (an idolater) is derived from شرك. They say شرکه فیه meaning, he shared the thing with him; he became his co-partner in it. اشرکه فی الامر means, he made him his co-partner in the affair. اشرك الیه means, he attributed to, or set up with, him a co-partner. شریك means, a sharer, or a co-partner, or an associate, or a colleague, Thus مشرك means, one who attributes to, or sets up with, God a co-partner or co-partners, allotting to the latter all or some of the attributes of the former. شرك means, attributing to, or setting up with, God co-partners idolatry (Lane). شرك is of two kinds: شرك عظیم (the greater idolatry) signifying belief in a person or thing as being co-partner with God, and شرك صغیر (the lesser idolatry), i.e. ascribing to some person or thing any of the attributes of God without looking upon him or it as His co-partner (Mufradat). Other relevant terms are شرك جلی i.e. manifest idolatry, and شرك خفی i.e. hidden idolatry; and شرك فی الذات i.e. believing one to be a co-partner with God in His person, and شرك فی الصفات i.e. ascribing any of the attributes of God to someone. The term مشرکین (idolaters) is generally confined to such peoples as set up co-partners with God and do not believe in any revealed Book.
Commentary:
The question of marriage with "idolatrous women" is intimately connected with the subject of war, for it is during war that Muslims, being away from their homes for a considerable time, are liable to be tempted to contract marriages with such women. This the Quran strictly disallows in the verse under comment, which also forbids the giving of believing women in marriage to idolatrous men. The prohibition is based on religions as well as on moral and social grounds. An idolatrous husband is bound to exercise an extremely baneful influence not only on his wife but on his children as well, whereas an idolatrous wife is sure to ruin the early training of the offspring. Moreover, when a believing man has an idolatrous wife or vice versa, their ideas, beliefs, culture and outlook on life being widely different, there cannot possibly be harmony or concord between the two and their life is sure to become miserable, if they possess any attachment whatever for their religion. Again Islam, (submission to One God) and shirk (setting up partners with God) being poles apart, there can be no real contact or permanent intermixing between the two. In this connection, it may be noted that Islam allows, though it certainly does not encourage, the marriage of a Muslim with a woman belonging to the People of the Book who are decidedly nearer to Islam (5:6). But of this we will speak when we come to the relevant verses.
The words, until they believe, appear to be redundant at first sight; for, if marriage with an idolatrous person is prohibited, it is evident that this prohibition will automatically cease to operate when an idolatrous person converted to Islam. On deeper thought, however, the words, until they believe, prove to be most rightly placed. They have indeed been used to remind Muslims of their duty pertaining to the conversion of idolatrous people to Islam. The words also contain a veiled prophecy that the time was fast coming when idolatry would become extinct in Arabia.
The expression باذنه (by His command) when used with regard to a certain action of God signifies, according to the Quranic idiom, that God has provided or intends to provide extraordinary means for the accomplishment of the thing aimed at. So is the case here, the clause signifying that Allah’s call to Heaven and to forgiveness is not an empty announcement but that He has made special arrangements to bring about the desired end. It is further interesting to note that the word جنة and مغفرة both convey the sense of covering up a thing, the idea being that God’s favours and His forgiveness will be so liberal and so generous as to cover or overwhelm believers.
b
60:11.
1
کیونکہ وہ جسم اور روح دونوں کے آرام کا خیال رکھ سکتی ہے۔
2
کیونکہ غلام کی اسلام میں تحقیر جائز نہیں اور جب وہ مسلم بھی ہو تو مسلم عورت کے لئے جسمانی اور روحانی طور پر زیادہ مفید ہوگا۔
a
60:11.
228
Important Words:
تنکحوا––tankihu (marry) and تنکحوا––tunkihu (give in marriage) are both derived from نکح. They say نکح المطرالارض i.e. the rain fell on the earth and became mixed with the soil. نکح امرأة means, he married a woman. نکح زوجته means, he went in unto his wife. نکح المرأة امرء means, the woman married a man. انکح المرأة زیدا means, he gave the woman in marriage to Zaid. Thus نکاح means, both (1) marriage and (2) coition with one’s wife. The Quran itself uses the word in the latter sense in 2:231 (Aqrab & Mufradat).
مشرك (an idolater) is derived from شرك. They say شرکه فیه meaning, he shared the thing with him; he became his co-partner in it. اشرکه فی الامر means, he made him his co-partner in the affair. اشرك الیه means, he attributed to, or set up with, him a co-partner. شریك means, a sharer, or a co-partner, or an associate, or a colleague, Thus مشرك means, one who attributes to, or sets up with, God a co-partner or co-partners, allotting to the latter all or some of the attributes of the former. شرك means, attributing to, or setting up with, God co-partners idolatry (Lane). شرك is of two kinds: شرك عظیم (the greater idolatry) signifying belief in a person or thing as being co-partner with God, and شرك صغیر (the lesser idolatry), i.e. ascribing to some person or thing any of the attributes of God without looking upon him or it as His co-partner (Mufradat). Other relevant terms are شرك جلی i.e. manifest idolatry, and شرك خفی i.e. hidden idolatry; and شرك فی الذات i.e. believing one to be a co-partner with God in His person, and شرك فی الصفات i.e. ascribing any of the attributes of God to someone. The term مشرکین (idolaters) is generally confined to such peoples as set up co-partners with God and do not believe in any revealed Book.
Commentary:
The question of marriage with "idolatrous women" is intimately connected with the subject of war, for it is during war that Muslims, being away from their homes for a considerable time, are liable to be tempted to contract marriages with such women. This the Quran strictly disallows in the verse under comment, which also forbids the giving of believing women in marriage to idolatrous men. The prohibition is based on religions as well as on moral and social grounds. An idolatrous husband is bound to exercise an extremely baneful influence not only on his wife but on his children as well, whereas an idolatrous wife is sure to ruin the early training of the offspring. Moreover, when a believing man has an idolatrous wife or vice versa, their ideas, beliefs, culture and outlook on life being widely different, there cannot possibly be harmony or concord between the two and their life is sure to become miserable, if they possess any attachment whatever for their religion. Again Islam, (submission to One God) and shirk (setting up partners with God) being poles apart, there can be no real contact or permanent intermixing between the two. In this connection, it may be noted that Islam allows, though it certainly does not encourage, the marriage of a Muslim with a woman belonging to the People of the Book who are decidedly nearer to Islam (5:6). But of this we will speak when we come to the relevant verses.
The words, until they believe, appear to be redundant at first sight; for, if marriage with an idolatrous person is prohibited, it is evident that this prohibition will automatically cease to operate when an idolatrous person converted to Islam. On deeper thought, however, the words, until they believe, prove to be most rightly placed. They have indeed been used to remind Muslims of their duty pertaining to the conversion of idolatrous people to Islam. The words also contain a veiled prophecy that the time was fast coming when idolatry would become extinct in Arabia.
The expression باذنه (by His command) when used with regard to a certain action of God signifies, according to the Quranic idiom, that God has provided or intends to provide extraordinary means for the accomplishment of the thing aimed at. So is the case here, the clause signifying that Allah’s call to Heaven and to forgiveness is not an empty announcement but that He has made special arrangements to bring about the desired end. It is further interesting to note that the word جنة and مغفرة both convey the sense of covering up a thing, the idea being that God’s favours and His forgiveness will be so liberal and so generous as to cover or overwhelm believers.
b
60:11.
267
The question of marriage with "idolatrous women" is intimately connected with the subject of war, for it is during war that, being away from their homes for a considerable time, believers are liable to be tempted to contract marriages with such women. This, the Qur’an positively prohibits, as also the giving of believing women in marriage to idolatrous men. The prohibition is based on religious as well as on moral and social grounds. An idolatrous husband is bound to exercise an extremely baneful influence, not only on his wife but also on the children born of this union; and an idolatrous wife is sure to ruin the up-bringing of the offspring. Moreover, when a believing man has an idolatrous wife or vice versa, their ideas, beliefs and outlook on life being widely different, there can possibly exist no harmony or concord between the two and consequently no peace in the family. In Islam slavery carries no stigma of inferiority; and a Muslim bondwoman would in every respect be a better spouse for a Muslim
وَالَّذِیۡنَ اٰمَنُوۡا وَعَمِلُوا الصّٰلِحٰتِ لَنُبَوِّئَنَّہُمۡ مِّنَ الۡجَنَّۃِ غُرَفًا تَجۡرِیۡ مِنۡ تَحۡتِہَا الۡاَنۡہٰرُ خٰلِدِیۡنَ فِیۡہَا ۚ نِعۡمَ اَجۡرُ الۡعٰمِلِیۡنَ
25:76; 34:38.
Believers are here promised in clear and unequivocal terms that those who leave their hearths and homes in the way of God, and then remain steadfast in their belief and do righteous deeds, the reward they get far exceeds all that they lose for God’s sake.
25:76; 34:38.
Important Words:
غرفا (lofty mansions) or غرفات is the plural of غرفة which is derived from غرف (gharafa). They say غرف الماء i.e. he took the water with his hand. غرفة means, a handful of water; an upper hand; a chamber or a chamber in the upper or uppermost storey of a house (Lane & Aqrab).
Commentary:
In this verse believers are promised in clear and unequivocal terms that those who leave their homes in the cause of God, and then remain steadfast in their belief and do good deeds, the reward they get far exceeds that which they lose for God’s sake. This Divine promise was fulfilled to the very letter in the case of the Companions of the Holy Prophet.
b
25:76; 34:38.
985
信仰的人在这节经文中用清楚而毫不含糊的话得到许诺说, 那些为主道而离开家庭, 然后坚持他们的信念而行善事的人们, 他们得到的报酬要远远超过他们为安拉而丧失的东西。
b
25:76; 34:38.
2982
Important Words:
غرفا (lofty mansions) or غرفات is the plural of غرفة which is derived from غرف (gharafa). They say غرف الماء i.e. he took the water with his hand. غرفة means, a handful of water; an upper hand; a chamber or a chamber in the upper or uppermost storey of a house (Lane & Aqrab).
Commentary:
In this verse believers are promised in clear and unequivocal terms that those who leave their homes in the cause of God, and then remain steadfast in their belief and do good deeds, the reward they get far exceeds that which they lose for God’s sake. This Divine promise was fulfilled to the very letter in the case of the Companions of the Holy Prophet.
b
25:76; 34:38.
2263
Believers are here promised in clear and unequivocal terms that those who leave their hearths and homes in the way of God, and then remain steadfast in their belief and do righteous deeds, the reward they get far exceeds all that they lose for God’s sake.
فَدَلّٰٮہُمَا بِغُرُوۡرٍ ۚ فَلَمَّا ذَاقَا الشَّجَرَۃَ بَدَتۡ لَہُمَا سَوۡءٰتُہُمَا وَطَفِقَا یَخۡصِفَانِ عَلَیۡہِمَا مِنۡ وَّرَقِ الۡجَنَّۃِ ۖ وَنَادٰٮہُمَا رَبُّہُمَاۤ اَلَمۡ اَنۡہَکُمَا عَنۡ تِلۡکُمَا الشَّجَرَۃِ وَاَقُل لَّکُمَاۤ اِنَّ الشَّیۡطٰنَ لَکُمَا عَدُوٌّ مُّبِیۡنٌ
2:37; 20:122.
2:169, 209; 6:143; 12:6; 20:118; 28:16; 35:7; 36:61.
سَوْءَة (Sau’ah) 这一单词的意思是, 一个人想把它遮掩起来的任何邪恶、卑鄙、不体面或讨厌的话、习惯或行为; 赤身裸体 (Lane)。这里, 这一单词的意思是 “隐私之物” 或 “弱点”, 因为没有人不知道自己的赤身裸体的状态。阿丹确实不知道他的某些弱点。当他的敌人引诱他离开安全位置的时候, 他开始认识到他的弱点。每个人都有某些弱点, 连他自己也不知道, 只有在严峻考验的时候, 或他在受诱惑和考验的时候, 这些弱点才会暴露出来。因此, 阿丹正是在恶魔引诱和欺骗他时, 他才感觉到他的某些天性上的弱点。«古兰经» 并没有说其它人开始知道阿丹和他妻子的弱点, 而是说他们自己觉悟到自己的弱点。
یعنی جب انسان بدی کا ارتکاب کر چکتا ہے تو اس کی ضمیر اس کو بتاتی ہے کہ دیکھ تو کتنا کمزور تھا اس کام نے تجھے کوئی فائدہ نہیں پہنچایا۔ اور اگر تو یہ کام نہ کرتا‘ تو تیرا کوئی خاص نقصان نہیں تھا۔ تب انسان کو ہوش آتی ہے اور جنت کی زینت کے سامانوں یعنی ان اعمال سے جن کی وجہ سے انسان جنت میں جاتا ہے وہ اپنی بدیوں کو ڈھانپنے کی کوشش کرتا ہے اور توبہ سے اپنے گناہوں کو دھوتا ہے۔ قرآن کریم میں وَرَقِ الْجَنَّۃ کے لفظ ہیں جس کے معنے مفسرین نے غلطی سے پتہ کے کیے ہیں حالانکہ اس کے معنے زینت کے بھی ہیں اور یہی ہم نے کیے ہیں۔ مطلب یہ کہ جن کاموں سے جنت میں زینت ملتی ہے۔ وہ کام آد
یہ مرادنہیں کہ بدی کرنے والے لوگوں کو واقعہ میں کوئی لفظی الہام ہوتا ہے۔ بلکہ مراد یہ ہے کہ جب انسان کے دل میں شرم اور ندامت پیدا ہوتی ہے تو اس کی فطرت صحیحہ اس کو بتاتی ہے کہ جو کچھ خداتعالیٰ نے کہا تھا وہ سچ تھا۔ اور جو کچھ اس نے کیا ہے وہ غلط تھا۔ تب وہ دعاؤں اور استغفار میں لگ جاتا ہے اور خدا کا فضل حاصل کر لیتا ہے۔
2:37; 20:122.
2:169, 209; 6:143; 12:6; 20:118; 28:16; 35:7; 36:61.
The word Sayyi’ah which means, any evil, foul, unseemly or abominable saying or habit or action which one would like to hide; shame; nakedness (Lane), is used here in the sense of "object of shame" or "weakness," because no man’s nakedness is hidden from him. Some of Adam’s weaknesses were indeed hidden from him and he came to realize them when his enemy lured him away from his position of security. Every person has certain weaknesses which are hidden even from himself, but which become exposed at time of strain and stress, or when he is tempted and tried. So it was when Adam was tempted and deceived by Satan that he became aware of some of his natural weaknesses. The Qur’an does not say that the weaknesses of Adam and his wife became known to other people, but that they only themselves became conscious of them.
Waraq, meaning, the prime and freshness of a thing; the young lads of a community (Lisan) signifies that when Satan succeeded in causing a split in Adam’s community and some of its weaker members had gone out of its fold, he gathered together the Auraq (leaves) of the Garden, i.e. the youth of the community, and began to reunite and reorganize his people with their help. It is generally the youth who, being mostly free from preconceived ideas and prejudices, follow and help the Prophets of God (10:84). The being whom the Qur’an has represented as having refused to submit to Adam is called Iblis, while the person who tempted him is called Satan. This distinction is observed not only in the verse under comment, but in all the relevant verses throughout the Qur’an. This shows that, so far as this narrative is concerned, Satan and Iblis were two different persons. In fact, the word Shaitan (Satan) is applied not only to evil spirits but also to those human beings who, on account of t
2:37; 20:122.
2:169, 209; 6:143; 12:6; 20:118; 28:16; 35:7; 36:61.
Important Words:
دلھما (caused them to fall into disobedience) is derived from دلی or دلا. They say دلاالدلو i.e. he pulled or drew the bucket (of water) out of the well. دلاحاجته means, he sought or demanded the object of his want. ادلی الدلو means, he let down the bucket into the well to draw out water with it. دلی الشیء means, he let down the thing or he let it fall or he made it hang down. It also means, he brought or drew the thing near to another. دلاه بغرور means, he caused him to fall into disobedience by deceit; or he excited his cupidity with deceit and guile; or he caused him to fall into that which he desired without his knowledge and so exposed him to loss or injury (Lane). The expression, as used in this verse, shows that Satan deceived Adam and drew him and his wife to himself or to the forbidden tree by deceitful talk and thus caused them to fall into disobedience, while they knew not.
ورق (leaves) is both singular and plural and is noun from the verb ورق. They say ورق الشجر i.e. the tree put forth its leaves. اورق الرجل means, the man became rich; his wealth and money increased. ورق, therefore, means, leaves, foliage, parchment; sheet of paper; thin plate of metal; minted silver coins; the prime and freshness of a thing; the young lads of a community; any animal having life (Aqrab, Lane & Lisan).
Commentary:
Every person has certain weaknesses which are hidden even from himself but which become exposed at a time of strain and stress or when he is tempted and tried. For instance, some men are cowardly, but they are not generally conscious of their cowardice. When however, they encounter a danger, and their heart fails them, they realize their weakness. So it was when Adam was tempted and deceived by Satan that he became aware of his natural weaknesses. The Quran does not say that the weaknesses of Adam and his wife became known to other people, but that they became known to themselves.
The word سوأة (treated under 7:21 above) is not used here in the sense of "nakedness" but rather of "objects of shame" or "weakness", because no man’s nakedness is hidden from him. Some of Adam’s weaknesses were indeed hidden from him and he came to realize them when his enemy lured him away from his position of security. Before this he did his work, aided and helped by Divine grace which kept covered his failings and weaknesses; but when he allied himself with the family against which he had been warned, he was exposed and he realized, to his sorrow, how weak he was.
As Satan had succeeded in causing a split in the community and some of the weaker members had gone out of its fold, Adam gathered together the اوراق (leaves) of the garden, i.e. the youth of the community and began to reunite and reorganize his people with their help. It is generally the young men who, being mostly free from bias and regardless of dangers, follow and help the Prophets of God. Speaking of Moses, the Quran says: And none obeyed Moses, save some youths from among his people, because of the fear of Pharaoh and their chiefs (10:84).
It must be noted here that the being whom the Quran has represented as having refused to submit to Adam is called Iblis, while the person who tempted him is called Satan. This distinction is observed not only in the verse under comment, but in all the relevant verses throughout the Quran. This shows that, so far as this narrative is concerned, Satan and Iblis were two different persons. In fact, the word Shaitan (Satan) is applied not only to evil spirits but to certain human beings also who, on account of their evil nature and wicked deeds, become, as it were, fiends incarnate. Just as a man can advance in virtue and piety so as to become like an angel, similarly he may become morally so depraved and degenerate as to be called a devil. Thus the Shaitan, who tempted Adam and caused him to slip, was not an invisible evil spirit but a wicked man of flesh and blood, a devil from among human beings, a manifestation of Satan, and an agent of Iblis. He was a member of the family which Adam had been bidden to avoid. The Holy Prophet tells us that his name was Harith, literally meaning a farmer, (Tirmidhi, ch. on Tafsir) which is further evidence of his being a human being and not an evil spirit. See also 2:15 & 2:37.
Adam’s error lay in taking this man-devil for a well-wisher, although God had warned him against having anything to do with him.
a
2:37; 20:122.
b
2:169, 209; 6:143; 12:6; 20:118; 28:16; 35:7; 36:61.
483
سَوْءَة (Sau’ah) 这一单词的意思是, 一个人想把它遮掩起来的任何邪恶、卑鄙、不体面或讨厌的话、习惯或行为; 赤身裸体 (Lane)。这里, 这一单词的意思是 “隐私之物” 或 “弱点”, 因为没有人不知道自己的赤身裸体的状态。阿丹确实不知道他的某些弱点。当他的敌人引诱他离开安全位置的时候, 他开始认识到他的弱点。每个人都有某些弱点, 连他自己也不知道, 只有在严峻考验的时候, 或他在受诱惑和考验的时候, 这些弱点才会暴露出来。因此, 阿丹正是在恶魔引诱和欺骗他时, 他才感觉到他的某些天性上的弱点。«古兰经» 并没有说其它人开始知道阿丹和他妻子的弱点, 而是说他们自己觉悟到自己的弱点。
1
یعنی جب انسان بدی کا ارتکاب کر چکتا ہے تو اس کی ضمیر اس کو بتاتی ہے کہ دیکھ تو کتنا کمزور تھا اس کام نے تجھے کوئی فائدہ نہیں پہنچایا۔ اور اگر تو یہ کام نہ کرتا‘ تو تیرا کوئی خاص نقصان نہیں تھا۔ تب انسان کو ہوش آتی ہے اور جنت کی زینت کے سامانوں یعنی ان اعمال سے جن کی وجہ سے انسان جنت میں جاتا ہے وہ اپنی بدیوں کو ڈھانپنے کی کوشش کرتا ہے اور توبہ سے اپنے گناہوں کو دھوتا ہے۔ قرآن کریم میں وَرَقِ الْجَنَّۃ کے لفظ ہیں جس کے معنے مفسرین نے غلطی سے پتہ کے کیے ہیں حالانکہ اس کے معنے زینت کے بھی ہیں اور یہی ہم نے کیے ہیں۔ مطلب یہ کہ جن کاموں سے جنت میں زینت ملتی ہے۔ وہ کام آد
2
یہ مرادنہیں کہ بدی کرنے والے لوگوں کو واقعہ میں کوئی لفظی الہام ہوتا ہے۔ بلکہ مراد یہ ہے کہ جب انسان کے دل میں شرم اور ندامت پیدا ہوتی ہے تو اس کی فطرت صحیحہ اس کو بتاتی ہے کہ جو کچھ خداتعالیٰ نے کہا تھا وہ سچ تھا۔ اور جو کچھ اس نے کیا ہے وہ غلط تھا۔ تب وہ دعاؤں اور استغفار میں لگ جاتا ہے اور خدا کا فضل حاصل کر لیتا ہے۔
a
2:37; 20:122.
b
2:169, 209; 6:143; 12:6; 20:118; 28:16; 35:7; 36:61.
924
Important Words:
دلھما (caused them to fall into disobedience) is derived from دلی or دلا. They say دلاالدلو i.e. he pulled or drew the bucket (of water) out of the well. دلاحاجته means, he sought or demanded the object of his want. ادلی الدلو means, he let down the bucket into the well to draw out water with it. دلی الشیء means, he let down the thing or he let it fall or he made it hang down. It also means, he brought or drew the thing near to another. دلاه بغرور means, he caused him to fall into disobedience by deceit; or he excited his cupidity with deceit and guile; or he caused him to fall into that which he desired without his knowledge and so exposed him to loss or injury (Lane). The expression, as used in this verse, shows that Satan deceived Adam and drew him and his wife to himself or to the forbidden tree by deceitful talk and thus caused them to fall into disobedience, while they knew not.
ورق (leaves) is both singular and plural and is noun from the verb ورق. They say ورق الشجر i.e. the tree put forth its leaves. اورق الرجل means, the man became rich; his wealth and money increased. ورق, therefore, means, leaves, foliage, parchment; sheet of paper; thin plate of metal; minted silver coins; the prime and freshness of a thing; the young lads of a community; any animal having life (Aqrab, Lane & Lisan).
Commentary:
Every person has certain weaknesses which are hidden even from himself but which become exposed at a time of strain and stress or when he is tempted and tried. For instance, some men are cowardly, but they are not generally conscious of their cowardice. When however, they encounter a danger, and their heart fails them, they realize their weakness. So it was when Adam was tempted and deceived by Satan that he became aware of his natural weaknesses. The Quran does not say that the weaknesses of Adam and his wife became known to other people, but that they became known to themselves.
The word سوأة (treated under 7:21 above) is not used here in the sense of "nakedness" but rather of "objects of shame" or "weakness", because no man’s nakedness is hidden from him. Some of Adam’s weaknesses were indeed hidden from him and he came to realize them when his enemy lured him away from his position of security. Before this he did his work, aided and helped by Divine grace which kept covered his failings and weaknesses; but when he allied himself with the family against which he had been warned, he was exposed and he realized, to his sorrow, how weak he was.
As Satan had succeeded in causing a split in the community and some of the weaker members had gone out of its fold, Adam gathered together the اوراق (leaves) of the garden, i.e. the youth of the community and began to reunite and reorganize his people with their help. It is generally the young men who, being mostly free from bias and regardless of dangers, follow and help the Prophets of God. Speaking of Moses, the Quran says: And none obeyed Moses, save some youths from among his people, because of the fear of Pharaoh and their chiefs (10:84).
It must be noted here that the being whom the Quran has represented as having refused to submit to Adam is called Iblis, while the person who tempted him is called Satan. This distinction is observed not only in the verse under comment, but in all the relevant verses throughout the Quran. This shows that, so far as this narrative is concerned, Satan and Iblis were two different persons. In fact, the word Shaitan (Satan) is applied not only to evil spirits but to certain human beings also who, on account of their evil nature and wicked deeds, become, as it were, fiends incarnate. Just as a man can advance in virtue and piety so as to become like an angel, similarly he may become morally so depraved and degenerate as to be called a devil. Thus the Shaitan, who tempted Adam and caused him to slip, was not an invisible evil spirit but a wicked man of flesh and blood, a devil from among human beings, a manifestation of Satan, and an agent of Iblis. He was a member of the family which Adam had been bidden to avoid. The Holy Prophet tells us that his name was Harith, literally meaning a farmer, (Tirmidhi, ch. on Tafsir) which is further evidence of his being a human being and not an evil spirit. See also 2:15 & 2:37.
Adam’s error lay in taking this man-devil for a well-wisher, although God had warned him against having anything to do with him.
a
2:37; 20:122.
b
2:169, 209; 6:143; 12:6; 20:118; 28:16; 35:7; 36:61.
958
The word Sayyi’ah which means, any evil, foul, unseemly or abominable saying or habit or action which one would like to hide; shame; nakedness (Lane), is used here in the sense of "object of shame" or "weakness," because no man’s nakedness is hidden from him. Some of Adam’s weaknesses were indeed hidden from him and he came to realize them when his enemy lured him away from his position of security. Every person has certain weaknesses which are hidden even from himself, but which become exposed at time of strain and stress, or when he is tempted and tried. So it was when Adam was tempted and deceived by Satan that he became aware of some of his natural weaknesses. The Qur’an does not say that the weaknesses of Adam and his wife became known to other people, but that they only themselves became conscious of them.
959
Waraq, meaning, the prime and freshness of a thing; the young lads of a community (Lisan) signifies that when Satan succeeded in causing a split in Adam’s community and some of its weaker members had gone out of its fold, he gathered together the Auraq (leaves) of the Garden, i.e. the youth of the community, and began to reunite and reorganize his people with their help. It is generally the youth who, being mostly free from preconceived ideas and prejudices, follow and help the Prophets of God (10:84). The being whom the Qur’an has represented as having refused to submit to Adam is called Iblis, while the person who tempted him is called Satan. This distinction is observed not only in the verse under comment, but in all the relevant verses throughout the Qur’an. This shows that, so far as this narrative is concerned, Satan and Iblis were two different persons. In fact, the word Shaitan (Satan) is applied not only to evil spirits but also to those human beings who, on account of t
یٰبَنِیۡۤ اٰدَمَ لَا یَفۡتِنَنَّکُمُ الشَّیۡطٰنُ کَمَاۤ اَخۡرَجَ اَبَوَیۡکُمۡ مِّنَ الۡجَنَّۃِ یَنۡزِعُ عَنۡہُمَا لِبَاسَہُمَا لِیُرِیَہُمَا سَوۡءٰتِہِمَاۤ ۗ اِنَّہٗ یَرٰٮکُمۡ ہُوَ وَقَبِیۡلُہٗ مِنۡ حَیۡثُ لَا تَرَوۡنَہُمۡ ۗ اِنَّا جَعَلۡنَا الشَّیٰطِیۡنَ اَوۡلِیَآءَ لِلَّذِیۡنَ لَا یُؤۡمِنُوۡنَ
2:258; 3:176; 16:101.
邪恶的精神称为 شَيْطَانْ (Shaitan, 恶魔)。这一类的那些东西一般是肉眼看不到的。他们不知不觉地对人类施加影响并寻找人类内藏的弱点, 为的是使人类进一步确定他们走上邪道。安拉创造恶魔只是为了考验人们——恶魔在人类参加的精神竞赛中起跳栏的作用。跳栏不是用来堵住而是要使赛跑中的竞争者更警惕和加倍努力。那些不小心和疏忽的人在跳栏上绊了脚, 在比赛中就输了。他们只能责怪自己而不能责怪在他们道上设置那些跳栏来试验和证实他们勇气的人。
یعنی شیطان کی ذریت اس دنیا میں بہت چالاکی سے کام لیتی ہے۔ اور مومنوں کو تاڑتی رہتی ہے۔ تا ان کے اعمال کو بگاڑ کر مشہور کرے اور لوگوں کو ان کا دشمن بنا دے۔
یعنی کافر تعلیم دیتے ہیں کہ باپ دادوں کی باتوں پر جمے رہو‘ عقل سے کام نہ لو۔
2:258; 3:176; 16:101.
The Evil Spirit, called Shaitan, and those of his kind are generally invisible to the eye. They exercise their influence imperceptibly and search for the hidden weaknesses of man in order to confirm him in his evil ways. God has created Satan only as a trial for men––Satan serves the purpose of a hurdle in the spiritual race in which man is engaged. Hurdles are meant not to block but to make the competitors in the race more vigilant and to redouble their efforts. The careless and the negligent, who stumble over hurdles and thus lose the race, have themselves to blame and not the person or persons who put them in their way in order to try and prove their mettle.
2:258; 3:176; 16:101.
Commentary:
The Evil One called شیطان (Shaitan) and those of his kind, are generally invisible to the human eye. They exercise their influence imperceptibly and search for the hidden weaknesses of man in order to expose him and confirm him in his evil ways. Shaitan is a descriptive name, meaning "one who has become removed from God." It is only by being removed away from God that one perishes. For a detailed explanation of the word see 2:37.
The expression, We have made satans friends for those who believe not, shows that Satan and his associates exercise their pernicious influence only on those who are already evilly disposed.
b
2:258; 3:176; 16:101.
487
邪恶的精神称为 شَيْطَانْ (Shaitan, 恶魔)。这一类的那些东西一般是肉眼看不到的。他们不知不觉地对人类施加影响并寻找人类内藏的弱点, 为的是使人类进一步确定他们走上邪道。安拉创造恶魔只是为了考验人们——恶魔在人类参加的精神竞赛中起跳栏的作用。跳栏不是用来堵住而是要使赛跑中的竞争者更警惕和加倍努力。那些不小心和疏忽的人在跳栏上绊了脚, 在比赛中就输了。他们只能责怪自己而不能责怪在他们道上设置那些跳栏来试验和证实他们勇气的人。
3
یعنی شیطان کی ذریت اس دنیا میں بہت چالاکی سے کام لیتی ہے۔ اور مومنوں کو تاڑتی رہتی ہے۔ تا ان کے اعمال کو بگاڑ کر مشہور کرے اور لوگوں کو ان کا دشمن بنا دے۔
4
یعنی کافر تعلیم دیتے ہیں کہ باپ دادوں کی باتوں پر جمے رہو‘ عقل سے کام نہ لو۔
a
2:258; 3:176; 16:101.
929
Commentary:
The Evil One called شیطان (Shaitan) and those of his kind, are generally invisible to the human eye. They exercise their influence imperceptibly and search for the hidden weaknesses of man in order to expose him and confirm him in his evil ways. Shaitan is a descriptive name, meaning "one who has become removed from God." It is only by being removed away from God that one perishes. For a detailed explanation of the word see 2:37.
The expression, We have made satans friends for those who believe not, shows that Satan and his associates exercise their pernicious influence only on those who are already evilly disposed.
a
2:258; 3:176; 16:101.
964
The Evil Spirit, called Shaitan, and those of his kind are generally invisible to the eye. They exercise their influence imperceptibly and search for the hidden weaknesses of man in order to confirm him in his evil ways. God has created Satan only as a trial for men––Satan serves the purpose of a hurdle in the spiritual race in which man is engaged. Hurdles are meant not to block but to make the competitors in the race more vigilant and to redouble their efforts. The careless and the negligent, who stumble over hurdles and thus lose the race, have themselves to blame and not the person or persons who put them in their way in order to try and prove their mettle.
وَالَّذِیۡنَ اٰمَنُوۡا وَعَمِلُوا الصّٰلِحٰتِ لَا نُکَلِّفُ نَفۡسًا اِلَّا وُسۡعَہَاۤ اُولٰٓئِکَ اَصۡحٰبُ الۡجَنَّۃِ ۖ ہُمۡ فِیۡہَا خٰلِدُوۡنَ
2:234, 287; 6:153; 7:43; 23:63.
The parenthetical clause, We charge not any soul beyond its capacity, contradicts the Christian dogma that sin being ingrained in human nature, it is beyond the power of man to get rid of it.
2:234,287; 6:153; 7:43; 23:63.
Commentary:
The parenthetical clause, We task not any soul beyond its capacity, contradicts the Christian dogma that sin being ingrained in human nature, it is beyond the power of man to get rid of it, and that this natural disability of man is remedied only by belief in the atonement of Jesus. The word 'task' shows that by 'good works' are meant such good works as are in the power of man to do.
b
2:234, 287; 6:153; 7:43; 23:63.
492
“我不令人负担超过其能力的担子” 这一插入句, 是与 “罪恶是人类天性固有的, 是人类能力无法去除的这一基督教教义相反的。”
b
2:234,287; 6:153; 7:43; 23:63.
942
Commentary:
The parenthetical clause, We task not any soul beyond its capacity, contradicts the Christian dogma that sin being ingrained in human nature, it is beyond the power of man to get rid of it, and that this natural disability of man is remedied only by belief in the atonement of Jesus. The word 'task' shows that by 'good works' are meant such good works as are in the power of man to do.
b
2:234, 287; 6:153; 7:43; 23:63.
975
The parenthetical clause, We charge not any soul beyond its capacity, contradicts the Christian dogma that sin being ingrained in human nature, it is beyond the power of man to get rid of it.
وَنَادٰۤی اَصۡحٰبُ الۡجَنَّۃِ اَصۡحٰبَ النَّارِ اَنۡ قَدۡ وَجَدۡنَا مَا وَعَدَنَا رَبُّنَا حَقًّا فَہَلۡ وَجَدتُّمۡ مَّا وَعَدَ رَبُّکُمۡ حَقًّا ۖ قَالُوۡا نَعَمۡ ۚ فَاَذَّنَ مُؤَذِّنٌۢ بَیۡنَہُمۡ اَنۡ لَّعۡنَۃُ اللّٰہِ عَلَی الظّٰلِمِیۡنَ
Commentary:
A highly significant dialogue between the inmates of Heaven and of Hell begins from this verse.
The word, الظالمین (wrongdoers), may also be rendered as "idolaters" or "worshippers of false deities". See 31:14.
944
Commentary:
A highly significant dialogue between the inmates of Heaven and of Hell begins from this verse.
The word, الظالمین (wrongdoers), may also be rendered as "idolaters" or "worshippers of false deities". See 31:14.
وَبَیۡنَہُمَا حِجَابٌ ۚ وَعَلَی الۡاَعۡرَافِ رِجَالٌ یَّعۡرِفُوۡنَ کُلًّۢا بِسِیۡمٰٮہُمۡ ۚ وَنَادَوۡا اَصۡحٰبَ الۡجَنَّۃِ اَنۡ سَلٰمٌ عَلَیۡکُمۡ ۚ لَمۡ یَدۡخُلُوۡہَا وَہُمۡ یَطۡمَعُوۡنَ
اَعْرَافْ (Araf) 是 عُرْف (‘Urf) 的复数, 意思是 “高处”。他们说 عَرَفَ عَلَى الْقَوْمِ (Arafa alal-Qaum) 这句话, 就是说, 他是或者他成为这些人的事情的管理人或监督人, 因为他熟悉他们。位于高处的, 一般都是职位高、地位卓著的人。按照哈桑 (حَسَنْ, Hasan) 和穆贾海德 (مُجَاهِدْ, Mujahid) 的解释, 在高处的人们是信者中的杰出人物或有学识的人;按照基尔马尼 (كِرْمَانِی, Kirmani) 的讲法, 他们是殉教者。有些人认为他们是先知, 这看来是最正确的看法。位于高处的人不仅要具有较好的见解, 而且由于他们职位崇高, 也要信息灵通。他们要从每个人的仪表上知道他的品位和身份。如果说那些位于高处的人是些中层品位的、他们的情况还没有决定的、似乎尚在考虑中的话, 那显然是错误的看法。把这样一些人放在高处, 而把殉教者和先知处于较低的地位, 这是没有意义的。
这些字指的是, 将居住在天园中的人。他们还未进入天园, 但希望不久就可进入。位于高处的人们会认出他们是将要居住在天园中的人, 即使他们还没有进入天园。
علماء سابق نے اعراف کے معنے بغیر کسی سند کے ایسے مقام کے کیے ہیں جس میں درمیانی درجہ کے مومن ہوں گے۔ مگر قرآنی سیاق و سباق سے پتہ لگتا ہے کہ یہ غلط ہے۔ اعراف پر کامل مومن ہوں گے جیسا کہ ان کے قول سے ظاہر ہے کہ وہ دوسرے جنتیوں سے کہتے ہیں کہ جاؤ جنت میں داخل ہو جاؤ۔ جو شخص آپ خطرہ میں ہو اسے دوسروں کا خیال کیسے آسکتا ہے۔ یہ غلطی مفسرین کو اس سے لگی ہے کہ انہوں نے وَھُمْ یَطْمَعُوْنَ کو اصحاب الاعراف کے متعلق سمجھا ہے حالانکہ یہ عبارت ان دوسرے جنتیوں کے متعلق ہے جو ابھی جنت میں داخل نہ ہوئے تھے۔
A‘raf is the plural of ‘Urf which means 'an elevated place'. They say ‘Arafa ‘alal-Qaum, i.e. he was or became manager or superintendent of the affairs of the people, being acquainted with them. It is generally men of high dignity and distinguished position that are seated on elevated places. According to Hasan and Mujahid the men on the Elevated Places will be the elite among the believers or the most learned among them; according to Kirmani, they will be the Martyrs. Some others think that they will be the Prophets and this appears to be the most correct view. The men seated on the Elevated Places not only will command a better view, but, on account of their high rank and position, will also be better informed. They will know the rank and station of every person from his very appearance. It is evidently a wrong view that the men on the A‘raf (Elevated Places) will be those persons of middling ranks whose case will not have yet been decided, it being, as it wer
The words refer to would-be dwellers of Heaven who will not have yet entered it, but will be hoping to do so soon. The people on the Elevated Places will recognize them as would-be dwellers of Heaven, even though they will not have yet entered it.
Important Words:
اعراف (elevated places) is the plural of عرف ‘urf (an elevated place) which is substantive from عرف. They say عرف الشیء i.e. he knew the thing; he was or became acquainted with the thing; he knew it by means of the five senses; or he knew it by mental perception or reflection. They say عرف علی القوم i.e. he was or became manager or superintendent of the affairs of the people, being acquainted with their circumstances. عرف (‘urf) means, goodness, favour, bounty and a thing freely given; good fellowship with others; an elevated sand; an elevated place; an elevated or overtopping back of anything high (Lane & Aqrab).
Commentary:
It is generally men of high dignity and distinguished position that are seated on elevated places. According to Hasan and Mujahid, the men on the elevated places will be the elite among the believers or the most learned among them; according to Kirmani, they will be the Martyrs. Some others think that they will be the Prophets and this appears to be the most correct view. The men seated on elevated places will not only command a better view, but on account of their high rank and position, will also be better informed. They will know the rank and station of every person from his very appearance.
The words, These will not have yet entered it, refer to those would-be dwellers of Heaven who will not have yet entered it, but will be hoping to do so soon. The people on the elevated places will recognize them as dwellers of Heaven even though they will not have yet entered it.
It is a commonly held, but nevertheless a wrong, view that the men on the A‘raf (elevated places) will be those middling persons whose case will not have yet been decided, it being, as it were, still under consideration. But if such had been the case, they could not have rebuked the inmates of the Fire in the manner in which they are represented to be doing in 7:49 below. There is also no sense in placing middling persons on elevated places while the true believers, including Martyrs, Prophets, etc., occupy the lower ones.
494
اَعْرَافْ (Araf) 是 عُرْف (‘Urf) 的复数, 意思是 “高处”。他们说 عَرَفَ عَلَى الْقَوْمِ (Arafa alal-Qaum) 这句话, 就是说, 他是或者他成为这些人的事情的管理人或监督人, 因为他熟悉他们。位于高处的, 一般都是职位高、地位卓著的人。按照哈桑 (حَسَنْ, Hasan) 和穆贾海德 (مُجَاهِدْ, Mujahid) 的解释, 在高处的人们是信者中的杰出人物或有学识的人;按照基尔马尼 (كِرْمَانِی, Kirmani) 的讲法, 他们是殉教者。有些人认为他们是先知, 这看来是最正确的看法。位于高处的人不仅要具有较好的见解, 而且由于他们职位崇高, 也要信息灵通。他们要从每个人的仪表上知道他的品位和身份。如果说那些位于高处的人是些中层品位的、他们的情况还没有决定的、似乎尚在考虑中的话, 那显然是错误的看法。把这样一些人放在高处, 而把殉教者和先知处于较低的地位, 这是没有意义的。
495
这些字指的是, 将居住在天园中的人。他们还未进入天园, 但希望不久就可进入。位于高处的人们会认出他们是将要居住在天园中的人, 即使他们还没有进入天园。
1
علماء سابق نے اعراف کے معنے بغیر کسی سند کے ایسے مقام کے کیے ہیں جس میں درمیانی درجہ کے مومن ہوں گے۔ مگر قرآنی سیاق و سباق سے پتہ لگتا ہے کہ یہ غلط ہے۔ اعراف پر کامل مومن ہوں گے جیسا کہ ان کے قول سے ظاہر ہے کہ وہ دوسرے جنتیوں سے کہتے ہیں کہ جاؤ جنت میں داخل ہو جاؤ۔ جو شخص آپ خطرہ میں ہو اسے دوسروں کا خیال کیسے آسکتا ہے۔ یہ غلطی مفسرین کو اس سے لگی ہے کہ انہوں نے وَھُمْ یَطْمَعُوْنَ کو اصحاب الاعراف کے متعلق سمجھا ہے حالانکہ یہ عبارت ان دوسرے جنتیوں کے متعلق ہے جو ابھی جنت میں داخل نہ ہوئے تھے۔
946
Important Words:
اعراف (elevated places) is the plural of عرف ‘urf (an elevated place) which is substantive from عرف. They say عرف الشیء i.e. he knew the thing; he was or became acquainted with the thing; he knew it by means of the five senses; or he knew it by mental perception or reflection. They say عرف علی القوم i.e. he was or became manager or superintendent of the affairs of the people, being acquainted with their circumstances. عرف (‘urf) means, goodness, favour, bounty and a thing freely given; good fellowship with others; an elevated sand; an elevated place; an elevated or overtopping back of anything high (Lane & Aqrab).
Commentary:
It is generally men of high dignity and distinguished position that are seated on elevated places. According to Hasan and Mujahid, the men on the elevated places will be the elite among the believers or the most learned among them; according to Kirmani, they will be the Martyrs. Some others think that they will be the Prophets and this appears to be the most correct view. The men seated on elevated places will not only command a better view, but on account of their high rank and position, will also be better informed. They will know the rank and station of every person from his very appearance.
The words, These will not have yet entered it, refer to those would-be dwellers of Heaven who will not have yet entered it, but will be hoping to do so soon. The people on the elevated places will recognize them as dwellers of Heaven even though they will not have yet entered it.
It is a commonly held, but nevertheless a wrong, view that the men on the A‘raf (elevated places) will be those middling persons whose case will not have yet been decided, it being, as it were, still under consideration. But if such had been the case, they could not have rebuked the inmates of the Fire in the manner in which they are represented to be doing in 7:49 below. There is also no sense in placing middling persons on elevated places while the true believers, including Martyrs, Prophets, etc., occupy the lower ones.
978
A‘raf is the plural of ‘Urf which means 'an elevated place'. They say ‘Arafa ‘alal-Qaum, i.e. he was or became manager or superintendent of the affairs of the people, being acquainted with them. It is generally men of high dignity and distinguished position that are seated on elevated places. According to Hasan and Mujahid the men on the Elevated Places will be the elite among the believers or the most learned among them; according to Kirmani, they will be the Martyrs. Some others think that they will be the Prophets and this appears to be the most correct view. The men seated on the Elevated Places not only will command a better view, but, on account of their high rank and position, will also be better informed. They will know the rank and station of every person from his very appearance. It is evidently a wrong view that the men on the A‘raf (Elevated Places) will be those persons of middling ranks whose case will not have yet been decided, it being, as it wer
979
The words refer to would-be dwellers of Heaven who will not have yet entered it, but will be hoping to do so soon. The people on the Elevated Places will recognize them as would-be dwellers of Heaven, even though they will not have yet entered it.
وَنَادٰۤی اَصۡحٰبُ النَّارِ اَصۡحٰبَ الۡجَنَّۃِ اَنۡ اَفِیۡضُوۡا عَلَیۡنَا مِنَ الۡمَآءِ اَوۡ مِمَّا رَزَقَکُمُ اللّٰہُ ۚ قَالُوۡۤا اِنَّ اللّٰہَ حَرَّمَہُمَا عَلَی الۡکٰفِرِیۡنَ
Important Words:
افیضوا (pour) is derived from افاض which again is derived from فاض which means, it (water, etc.) overflowed, or poured forth from fullness. افاض means, he filled (a vessel) so that it overflowed; he made it (water, etc.) to flow or run; he poured out water, etc. (Lane).
Commentary:
The use of the words افیضواعلینا (pour on us) by the inmates of Hell implies that they would in a way flatter the inmates of Heaven by saying to them that they had enjoyed God’s blessings (which were virtually overflowing) to their heart’s content, and would then beg of them to give them a little of the abundant good that God had bestowed upon them. This condition of the inmates of Hell is well illustrated by the parable of Abraham and Lazarus in Luke 16:23-24.
950
Important Words:
افیضوا (pour) is derived from افاض which again is derived from فاض which means, it (water, etc.) overflowed, or poured forth from fullness. افاض means, he filled (a vessel) so that it overflowed; he made it (water, etc.) to flow or run; he poured out water, etc. (Lane).
Commentary:
The use of the words افیضواعلینا (pour on us) by the inmates of Hell implies that they would in a way flatter the inmates of Heaven by saying to them that they had enjoyed God’s blessings (which were virtually overflowing) to their heart’s content, and would then beg of them to give them a little of the abundant good that God had bestowed upon them. This condition of the inmates of Hell is well illustrated by the parable of Abraham and Lazarus in Luke 16:23-24.
۞ لِّلَّذِیۡنَ اَحۡسَنُوا الۡحُسۡنٰی وَزِیَادَۃٌ ۖ وَّلَا یَرۡہَقُ وُجُوۡہَہُمۡ قَتَرٌ وَّلَا ذِلَّۃٌ ۚ اُولٰٓئِکَ اَصۡحٰبُ الۡجَنَّۃِ ۖ ہُمۡ فِیۡہَا خٰلِدُوۡنَ
50:36.
75:23, 24.
Al-Husna meaning, a happy end; victory; keenness and activeness, the clause would signify, (1) that believers will come to a happy end; (2) that they will attain success, and (3) that God will make them keen and active.
The word Ziyadah (yet more) signifies that believers will have God Himself as their reward, and the word al-Husna (also meaning the sight of God) confirms this inference.
50:36.
75:23, 24.
Important Words:
الحسنی (the best reward) is derived from حسن which means, he became good, beautiful or pleasing. الحسنی is the feminine of الاحسن and means, that which is better or best; the good ultimate state or condition appointed for the Faithful; Paradise; victory; sharpness or keenness or activeness (Aqrab & Lane). See also 7:181.
یرھق (shall cover) is derived from رھق. They say رھقه i.e. he or it covered him, or came upon him or reached or overtook him or drew near to him. The expression لایرھق وجوھھم قتر means, there shall not come upon or overspread their faces blackness, or darkness. رھقتنا الصلوة means, the time of Prayer came upon us (Lane).
قتر (darkness) is derived from قتر (qatara) which means, (1) it (meat, etc.) exhaled its scent, smell or odour; (2) it was barely sufficient. They say, قترت النار i.e. the fire smoked. قتر علیه رزقه means, his means of subsistence were straitened or made scanty. قتر (qatarun) means, dust, the dust of an army; a dust-colour overspread with blackness; blackness or darkness. قتر (qatrun) means what is barely sufficient to sustain life (Lane & Aqrab).
Commentary:
Since the word الحسنی means, a happy end, victory, keenness and activeness, the Arabic clause rendered as, For those who do good deeds there shall be the best reward, would mean that believers will come to a happy end; that they will attain success, and that God will make them keen and active.
The word زیادة (yet more) signifies that believers will have God Himself as their reward, the word الحسنی (also meaning the view or vision of God) confirming that inference.
f
50:36.
g
75:23, 24.
b
50:36.
c
75:23, 24.
1302
Important Words:
الحسنی (the best reward) is derived from حسن which means, he became good, beautiful or pleasing. الحسنی is the feminine of الاحسن and means, that which is better or best; the good ultimate state or condition appointed for the Faithful; Paradise; victory; sharpness or keenness or activeness (Aqrab & Lane). See also 7:181.
یرھق (shall cover) is derived from رھق. They say رھقه i.e. he or it covered him, or came upon him or reached or overtook him or drew near to him. The expression لایرھق وجوھھم قتر means, there shall not come upon or overspread their faces blackness, or darkness. رھقتنا الصلوة means, the time of Prayer came upon us (Lane).
قتر (darkness) is derived from قتر (qatara) which means, (1) it (meat, etc.) exhaled its scent, smell or odour; (2) it was barely sufficient. They say, قترت النار i.e. the fire smoked. قتر علیه رزقه means, his means of subsistence were straitened or made scanty. قتر (qatarun) means, dust, the dust of an army; a dust-colour overspread with blackness; blackness or darkness. قتر (qatrun) means what is barely sufficient to sustain life (Lane & Aqrab).
Commentary:
Since the word الحسنی means, a happy end, victory, keenness and activeness, the Arabic clause rendered as, For those who do good deeds there shall be the best reward, would mean that believers will come to a happy end; that they will attain success, and that God will make them keen and active.
The word زیادة (yet more) signifies that believers will have God Himself as their reward, the word الحسنی (also meaning the view or vision of God) confirming that inference.
d
50:36.
e
75:23, 24.
1254
Al-Husna meaning, a happy end; victory; keenness and activeness, the clause would signify, (1) that believers will come to a happy end; (2) that they will attain success, and (3) that God will make them keen and active.
1255
The word Ziyadah (yet more) signifies that believers will have God Himself as their reward, and the word al-Husna (also meaning the sight of God) confirms this inference.
اِنَّ الَّذِیۡنَ اٰمَنُوۡا وَعَمِلُوا الصّٰلِحٰتِ وَاَخۡبَتُوۡۤا اِلٰی رَبِّہِمۡ اُولٰٓئِکَ اَصۡحٰبُ الۡجَنَّۃِ ۖ ہُمۡ فِیۡہَا خٰلِدُوۡنَ
2:83; 4:58; 3:58; 13:30; 22:57; 29:8; 30:16; 42:23.
2:83; 4:58; 3:58; 13:30; 22:57; 29:8; 30:16; 42:23.
In order to attain to the higher stages of spiritual progress, perfect conviction, complete submission to, and full trust in God and sincere love for Him are essential in addition to right belief and good works.
2:83; 3:58; 4:58; 13:30; 22:57; 29:8; 30:16; 42:23.
Important Words:
اخبتوا (humbled themselves) is derived from خبت. They say خبت ذکرہ meaning, the mention of him or it was or became concealed, i.e. he or it was or became obscure and of no repute or became concealed. اخبت الی الله means, he was or became lowly, humble or submissive in heart and obedient to God; or he humbled or abased himself to his Lord; or he trusted his Lord. خبت (khabtun) means, a low or depressed tract of land; or a wide and low tract of ground; or a soft tract of ground which is easy to walk through (Lane).
Commentary:
The verse makes it clear that in order to attain to the highest stages of spiritual progress, mere faith and good works are not sufficient; perfect conviction, complete submission and full trust in God and sincere love for Him are also essential. Just as a child is happy and satisfied only when it is in the lap of its mother, similarly he who desires to make real spiritual progress should humble himself before God, place complete trust in Him and always turn to Him for help.
b
2:83; 4:58; 3:58; 13:30; 22:57; 29:8; 30:16; 42:23.
c
2:83; 3:58; 4:58; 13:30; 22:57; 29:8; 30:16; 42:23.
1405
Important Words:
اخبتوا (humbled themselves) is derived from خبت. They say خبت ذکرہ meaning, the mention of him or it was or became concealed, i.e. he or it was or became obscure and of no repute or became concealed. اخبت الی الله means, he was or became lowly, humble or submissive in heart and obedient to God; or he humbled or abased himself to his Lord; or he trusted his Lord. خبت (khabtun) means, a low or depressed tract of land; or a wide and low tract of ground; or a soft tract of ground which is easy to walk through (Lane).
Commentary:
The verse makes it clear that in order to attain to the highest stages of spiritual progress, mere faith and good works are not sufficient; perfect conviction, complete submission and full trust in God and sincere love for Him are also essential. Just as a child is happy and satisfied only when it is in the lap of its mother, similarly he who desires to make real spiritual progress should humble himself before God, place complete trust in Him and always turn to Him for help.
c
2:83; 4:58; 3:58; 13:30; 22:57; 29:8; 30:16; 42:23.
1307
In order to attain to the higher stages of spiritual progress, perfect conviction, complete submission to, and full trust in God and sincere love for Him are essential in addition to right belief and good works.
۞ وَاَمَّا الَّذِیۡنَ سُعِدُوۡا فَفِی الۡجَنَّۃِ خٰلِدِیۡنَ فِیۡہَا مَا دَامَتِ السَّمٰوٰتُ وَالۡاَرۡضُ اِلَّا مَا شَآءَ رَبُّکَ ۖ عَطَآءً غَیۡرَ مَجۡذُوۡذٍ
15:49.
按照印度教教义, 天堂与地狱 (即报酬和惩罚) 的时期是有限的; 而人类在受惩罚或他们的行为收到报酬之后, 又被送回到这个世界上来。在闪族的许多宗教中犹太教认为天堂不是给非犹太人去的, 而犹太人几乎不会受到地狱折磨之苦。根据基督教教义, 天堂和地狱都是永恒的, 虽然他们有些教派相信天堂最后将会结束 (تَفْسِيْر كَبِيْر, Tafsir-e-Kabir)。伊斯兰教在这方面同所有这些宗教有根本上的区别。根据它的教义, 天堂是永恒的, 而火狱是暂时并有期限的。阿哈默德•彬•汉巴尔教长 (اَحْمَدْ بِنْ حَنْبَلْ, Ahmad bin Hanbal), 根据阿布杜拉•彬•欧麦尔•彬•阿尔•阿斯 (عَبْدُ الله بِنْ عَمْرو بِنْ الْعَاصْ, ‘Abdullah bin‘Amr bin al-As) 的传说, 引用了穆圣的一句话, 其大意是: “当火狱的双门将要互相碰撞而内无一人的一天。那将在其中罪人生活了几百年之后才会发生” (穆斯纳德)。根据这一传说, خَالِدِيْن (Khalidin, 居住) 这个单词用在火狱方面的意思只是 ‘留在那里长长的几百年’ 。阿布杜拉•彬•欧麦尔 (عَبْدُ الله بِنْ عُمَرْ, ‘Abdullah bin ‘Umar) 和贾比尔 ( ,جَابِرْJabir) 同意汉巴尔教长 (حَنْبَلْ, Hanbal) 的看法。阿布•萨伊德•阿尔•胡德里 (اَبُوْ سَعِيْد الْخُدْرِی, Abu Sa‘id al-Khudri) 也引用一个相同的圣训 (布哈理)。有些著名的宗教权威, 其中有伊本•泰米亚 (اِبْنِ تَيْمِيَّة, Ibn-e-Taimiyyah) 和伊本•卡伊姆 (اِبْنِ قَيِّم, Ibn-e-Qayyim) 认为, 虽然邪恶的不信者应该永久地关在火狱中, 但由於安拉的仁慈, 火狱本身有一天会 停止存在的。当火狱不存在时, 自然就不会有火狱中的罪人了 (فَتْح, Fath)。«古兰经» 关于天堂用了这句话: ‘永不结束的报酬’ (41:9; 84:26; 95:7), 但是关於火狱却不用这样的话。而且, 在 101:10-12 节经文中, 火狱被比作一个母亲, 胚胎留在母亲子宫里直到孩子的身体形成了以及它的器官都俱全为止。相似地, 那些不幸的人投入火狱后将留在那里直到他们的官能充分发育, 使他们能够见到养主的优美颜面。
قرآن مجید کہتا ہے کہ جنتیوں کے آسمان و زمین ہمیشہ قائم رہیں گے اور ان کا انعام کبھی ختم نہ ہوگا۔ پس یہ جملہ صرف خدائی ادب کے لئے ہے۔
15:49.
According to the Hindu religion, both Heaven and Hell (i.e. rewards and punishments) possess a limited duration; and man, after undergoing the punishment, or reaping the reward of his deeds is sent back to this world. Of the Semitic religions, Judaism denies Paradise to non-Jews while Jews are regarded as almost free from the torture of Hell. According to Christians, both Heaven and Hell are eternal, although some of their sects hold the belief that Heaven will at last come to an end (Tafsir-e-Kabir). Islam fundamentally differs from all these religions in this respect. According to it Heaven is eternal and everlasting, while Hell is temporary and of limited duration. Imam Ahmad bin Hambal quotes a saying of the Holy Prophet, as reported by ‘Abdullah bin ‘Amr bin al-‘As to the effect: 'There will come on Hell a day when its shutters will strike against each other and there will be none left in it. That will happen after the inmates of Hell will have lived in it for centuries' (Musnad). According to t
15:49.
Important Words:
غیر مجذوذ (that shall not be cut off). مجذوذ is derived from جذ. They say جذہ i.e. he cut it off; or he cut it off utterly; or he cut it off utterly and quickly; or he cut it repeatedly or in many pieces; he broke it. غیر مجذوذ means, (a gift, etc.) not cut short or not interrupted i.e. continuous and everlasting (Lane & Aqrab).
Commentary:
The present verse and that which precedes it throw light on an important question in which Islam differs from other religions, viz. the question of salvation.
According to the Hindu religion, both Heaven and Hell (i.e. reward and punishment) possess a limited duration; and man, after undergoing the punishment, or reaping the reward, of his deeds, is sent back to this world. Although some Hindu sects disagree among themselves regarding certain details, they are all agreed on the fundamental principle that both the punishments and rewards of the next world are temporary. Of the Semitic religions, Judaism denies Paradise to all non-Jews while Jews are regarded as almost free from the torture of Hell, for, according to Judaism, no Jew will remain in Hell for more than 11 months, whereas non-Jews will abide in it forever. According to Christians, both Heaven and Hell are eternal, although some of their sects hold the belief that Heaven will at last come to an end (Tafsir-e-Kabir). Islam, however, fundamentally differs from all these religions. The great leaders of Muslim religious thought in the past have generally believed and Hadrat Ahmad, the Promised Messiah, in our own age has particularly insisted that Heaven is eternal and everlasting, while Hell is temporary and of limited duration. The sayings of the Holy Prophet support this view. For instance, Ahmad bin Hanbal quotes a saying of the Holy Prophet, as reported by ‘Abdullah bin ‘Amr bin al-‘As to the effect:
لیاتین علی جھنم یوم تصفق فیه ابوابھا لیس فیه احد و ذلك بعد ما یلبثون فیھا احقابا
i.e. "There will come on Hell a day when its shutters will strike against each other and there will be none in it. That will happen after the inmates of Hell will have lived in it for centuries" (Musnad). Thus, according to this tradition, the word خالدین (abiding) used with regard to Hell only means "remaining for long centuries". The same view was held by Ibn Mas‘ud and Abu Hurairah. According to Ibn Taimiyyah, ‘Umar, Ibn ‘Abbas, Anas and many commentators are of the same opinion.
With reference to the word خالدین (abiding) used in the Quran in connection with Hell some eminent religious authorities think that it does mean "abiding forever". They however, hold that though wicked disbelievers will deserve to be kept in Hell forever, Hell itself will one day cease to exist through God’s mercy, and when there is no Hell, there will naturally be no dwellers in it. Among the supporters of this view are Ibn Taimiyyah and Ibn al-Qayyim (Fath).
The saying of the Holy Prophet quoted above on the authority of ‘Abdullah bin ‘Amr, is also reported by AbuHurairah, which fact adds to its weight and authenticity. In another tradition Ibn Mas‘ud says: لیاتین علیھا زمان تخفق ابوابھا i.e. "There will certainly come upon Hell a time when its shutters will strike against each other," meaning that it will be untenanted. Jabir, Abu Sa‘id Khudri and ‘Abdullah bin ‘Umar are also reported to have made a similar statement (Fath).
Abu Sa‘id Khudri quotes a long hadith of the Holy Prophet which clearly shows that Hell is not eternal. According to this tradition the Holy Prophet is reported to have said that on the Day of Judgement God would give permission to different high-placed persons to intercede for sinners. At last common believers also will be given permission to intercede on their behalf. At first, they will intercede for those whom they know. Then, with God’s permission, they will also intercede for other sinners who have some faith left in their hearts, until at last they will intercede even for those who have only a grain of faith in their hearts. Then only those will be left behind in Hell who had never done anything good. Then will God say: "The angels have interceded, and the Prophets and the Faithful have interceded and now it is My turn, the Most Merciful of the merciful ones." Then will God take a handful from the Fire and take out of it even those who never had done any good deed (Bukhari & Muslim).
This hadith hints that finally a time will come when everyone will be taken out of Hell, for when even those who never did any good deed are removed from the Fire, who else will remain behind? Moreover, God’s handful is not a physical thing. The word implies indefinite comprehensiveness and nothing can be considered to have been left out of it. It also appears from this saying that sinners will be punished first for their sins and, when they have been washed of their sins, they will be rewarded for their good deeds which, till then, will have been kept in reserve. The verse, whoso does good an atom’s weight will see it (99:8), also points to the same conclusion.
The different traditions quoted above show that many Companions of the Holy Prophet and their immediate successors held the view that Hell is not eternal and the Quran also supports this view. The following are some of the Quranic proofs in support of it:
(1) Though the words, excepting what thy Lord may will, have been used with regard to both Heaven and Hell (vv. 108 & 109), in the case of Heaven the words, a gift that shall not be cut off, have been specifically added in v.109 in order to show that there is no limitation upon the eternity of Heaven. In the case of Hell, on the other hand, they are followed by the clause, Surely thy Lord does bring about what He pleases (v. 108). These words are very emphatic and imply that the inmates of Hell must necessarily be taken out of Hell one day. If they were not to be taken out of Hell at all it was unnecessary to make the declaration so emphatic by using three words of emphasis, viz. ان (surely) ربك (thy Lord) and فعال (does bring about), the last word being the intensive form of فاعل and meaning the Great Doer of things that others cannot do.
Again, if Hell, like Heaven, was to be eternal, then its mention should also have been followed by some such words as "a punishment that shall not be cut off". It is true that as about Hell, so with regard to Heaven, it has been said that its inmates will abide in it as long as God wills, but in the case of the dwellers of Heaven it has been clearly added that God’s eternal will is that they should never be deprived of this favour and that their stay in Heaven should know no end. But no such declaration has been made with regard to Hell. This differentiation is so clear that even Ibn Hajr, whose view is opposed to Ibn Taimiyyah’s with regard to Hell being not eternal, has been compelled to admit that whereas with regard to the inmates of Heaven God has made known His will which is that they shall abide therein forever, with respect to the dwellers of Hell He has remained silent. But even the statement that God has remained silent with regard to the inmates of Hell is not correct, for by saying, Surely thy Lord does bring about what He wills, the Quran declares that in the case of the inmates of Hell God will carry out His wish which is implied in the words, excepting what thy Lord may will.
(2) The second evidence of the limited duration of Hell is furnished by the words الا من رحم ربك و لذالک خلقھم i.e. except those to whom thy Lord shall show mercy and for this has He created them (11:120). It has been admitted by eminent authorities such as Ibn ‘Abbas, Ta’us, Mujahid, Dahhak, Qatadah, and ‘Ikrimah that the pronoun ذالك (this) in the above words refers to رحمة (mercy) meaning that God has created men in order to show mercy to them (Kathir, Manthur and Tahavi). Now, if it be supposed that some men will remain in Hell forever and will never be taken out of it, then these wretched people cannot be said to have been shown any mercy.
(3) Whereas elsewhere in the Quran one meets with such expressions about Heaven as, they will surely have a reward that will never end (41:9; 84:26; 95:7), no such expression has been used with regard to Hell, which points to a clear distinction between the duration of the rewards of Heaven and the punishment of Hell.
(4) The Quranic expression رحمتی وسعت کل شیء i.e. My mercy encompasses all things (7:157), also shows that the punishment of Hell is only an intermediate condition and a transitory state and that even those whom God punishes will in the end become covered by His mercy and will be forgiven. The above expression represents God’s mercy as comprehending not only all human beings, but also all other things. The same idea is expressed in 40:8, where it is said that God comprehends all things in His mercy and knowledge. If it be supposed that certain persons can remain out of the mercy of God by being subjected to everlasting punishment, it will have to be admitted that certain things can also escape the knowledge of God, for knowledge and mercy have been mentioned in the verse side by side. But it is absurd to suppose that anything can escape the knowledge of God; therefore it is equally absurd to believe that any thing will remain permanently deprived of God’s mercy.
It should, however, be remembered that temporary punishment is not inconsistent with Divine mercy. The very fact that punishment is to last for a limited period shows that it will be reformatory; and it is clear that punishment which is meant to be reformatory is only a manifestation of Divine mercy, from which no human being can remain deprived even for a single moment. This is contradictory to the belief in the eternity of Hell.
(5) The following verses of the Quran also support this view: I have created the jinn and men only that they may serve Me (51:57), and Enter then among My servants and enter then My garden (89:30, 31). Now if all men in the end are to become God’s servants, for man cannot permanently be kept away from the object for which he has been created, and if all God’s servants will eventually enter Heaven the falsity of the view that Hell is eternal becomes quite clear.
(6) The sixth evidence of the limited character of Hell is to be found in the verse, Whoso does an atom’s weight of good will see it (99:8). Now a mere alleviation of punishment cannot be truly called the "seeing" of one’s good works. Hence, in order that men should see their works in completion i.e. should meet with the reward of their good actions, it is necessary that they should first be punished for their evil deeds by way of reformation and should afterwards receive the reward of their good actions.
(7) The verse, As for him whose scales are light, Hell will be his mother (101:9,10), constitutes further strong evidence in support of the view that Hell is not eternal. In this verse Hell is compared to a mother and it is well known that the child does not remain in the mother’s womb forever. It only remains there until the formation of its body and organs become complete. Similarly, those unfortunate persons who are cast into Hell will remain there until the time when the faculties which fit them for seeing the beautiful face of the Lord have become fully developed. This verse thus makes it clear that Hell is not eternal and that the word خالدین (abiding) in the verse under comment does not denote an unending time but only a long time as is also clear from the verse, who will tarry therein for ages (78:24).
The words, So long as the heavens and the earth endure, only mean "so long as the heaven and the earth of Paradise and Hell last"; so when Hell came to an end, heaven and earth will also naturally cease to exist.
d
15:49.
627
按照印度教教义, 天堂与地狱 (即报酬和惩罚) 的时期是有限的; 而人类在受惩罚或他们的行为收到报酬之后, 又被送回到这个世界上来。在闪族的许多宗教中犹太教认为天堂不是给非犹太人去的, 而犹太人几乎不会受到地狱折磨之苦。根据基督教教义, 天堂和地狱都是永恒的, 虽然他们有些教派相信天堂最后将会结束 (تَفْسِيْر كَبِيْر, Tafsir-e-Kabir)。伊斯兰教在这方面同所有这些宗教有根本上的区别。根据它的教义, 天堂是永恒的, 而火狱是暂时并有期限的。阿哈默德•彬•汉巴尔教长 (اَحْمَدْ بِنْ حَنْبَلْ, Ahmad bin Hanbal), 根据阿布杜拉•彬•欧麦尔•彬•阿尔•阿斯 (عَبْدُ الله بِنْ عَمْرو بِنْ الْعَاصْ, ‘Abdullah bin‘Amr bin al-As) 的传说, 引用了穆圣的一句话, 其大意是: “当火狱的双门将要互相碰撞而内无一人的一天。那将在其中罪人生活了几百年之后才会发生” (穆斯纳德)。根据这一传说, خَالِدِيْن (Khalidin, 居住) 这个单词用在火狱方面的意思只是 ‘留在那里长长的几百年’ 。阿布杜拉•彬•欧麦尔 (عَبْدُ الله بِنْ عُمَرْ, ‘Abdullah bin ‘Umar) 和贾比尔 ( ,جَابِرْJabir) 同意汉巴尔教长 (حَنْبَلْ, Hanbal) 的看法。阿布•萨伊德•阿尔•胡德里 (اَبُوْ سَعِيْد الْخُدْرِی, Abu Sa‘id al-Khudri) 也引用一个相同的圣训 (布哈理)。有些著名的宗教权威, 其中有伊本•泰米亚 (اِبْنِ تَيْمِيَّة, Ibn-e-Taimiyyah) 和伊本•卡伊姆 (اِبْنِ قَيِّم, Ibn-e-Qayyim) 认为, 虽然邪恶的不信者应该永久地关在火狱中, 但由於安拉的仁慈, 火狱本身有一天会 停止存在的。当火狱不存在时, 自然就不会有火狱中的罪人了 (فَتْح, Fath)。«古兰经» 关于天堂用了这句话: ‘永不结束的报酬’ (41:9; 84:26; 95:7), 但是关於火狱却不用这样的话。而且, 在 101:10-12 节经文中, 火狱被比作一个母亲, 胚胎留在母亲子宫里直到孩子的身体形成了以及它的器官都俱全为止。相似地, 那些不幸的人投入火狱后将留在那里直到他们的官能充分发育, 使他们能够见到养主的优美颜面。
2
قرآن مجید کہتا ہے کہ جنتیوں کے آسمان و زمین ہمیشہ قائم رہیں گے اور ان کا انعام کبھی ختم نہ ہوگا۔ پس یہ جملہ صرف خدائی ادب کے لئے ہے۔
b
15:49.
1489
Important Words:
غیر مجذوذ (that shall not be cut off). مجذوذ is derived from جذ. They say جذہ i.e. he cut it off; or he cut it off utterly; or he cut it off utterly and quickly; or he cut it repeatedly or in many pieces; he broke it. غیر مجذوذ means, (a gift, etc.) not cut short or not interrupted i.e. continuous and everlasting (Lane & Aqrab).
Commentary:
The present verse and that which precedes it throw light on an important question in which Islam differs from other religions, viz. the question of salvation.
According to the Hindu religion, both Heaven and Hell (i.e. reward and punishment) possess a limited duration; and man, after undergoing the punishment, or reaping the reward, of his deeds, is sent back to this world. Although some Hindu sects disagree among themselves regarding certain details, they are all agreed on the fundamental principle that both the punishments and rewards of the next world are temporary. Of the Semitic religions, Judaism denies Paradise to all non-Jews while Jews are regarded as almost free from the torture of Hell, for, according to Judaism, no Jew will remain in Hell for more than 11 months, whereas non-Jews will abide in it forever. According to Christians, both Heaven and Hell are eternal, although some of their sects hold the belief that Heaven will at last come to an end (Tafsir-e-Kabir). Islam, however, fundamentally differs from all these religions. The great leaders of Muslim religious thought in the past have generally believed and Hadrat Ahmad, the Promised Messiah, in our own age has particularly insisted that Heaven is eternal and everlasting, while Hell is temporary and of limited duration. The sayings of the Holy Prophet support this view. For instance, Ahmad bin Hanbal quotes a saying of the Holy Prophet, as reported by ‘Abdullah bin ‘Amr bin al-‘As to the effect:
لیاتین علی جھنم یوم تصفق فیه ابوابھا لیس فیه احد و ذلك بعد ما یلبثون فیھا احقابا
i.e. "There will come on Hell a day when its shutters will strike against each other and there will be none in it. That will happen after the inmates of Hell will have lived in it for centuries" (Musnad). Thus, according to this tradition, the word خالدین (abiding) used with regard to Hell only means "remaining for long centuries". The same view was held by Ibn Mas‘ud and Abu Hurairah. According to Ibn Taimiyyah, ‘Umar, Ibn ‘Abbas, Anas and many commentators are of the same opinion.
With reference to the word خالدین (abiding) used in the Quran in connection with Hell some eminent religious authorities think that it does mean "abiding forever". They however, hold that though wicked disbelievers will deserve to be kept in Hell forever, Hell itself will one day cease to exist through God’s mercy, and when there is no Hell, there will naturally be no dwellers in it. Among the supporters of this view are Ibn Taimiyyah and Ibn al-Qayyim (Fath).
The saying of the Holy Prophet quoted above on the authority of ‘Abdullah bin ‘Amr, is also reported by AbuHurairah, which fact adds to its weight and authenticity. In another tradition Ibn Mas‘ud says: لیاتین علیھا زمان تخفق ابوابھا i.e. "There will certainly come upon Hell a time when its shutters will strike against each other," meaning that it will be untenanted. Jabir, Abu Sa‘id Khudri and ‘Abdullah bin ‘Umar are also reported to have made a similar statement (Fath).
Abu Sa‘id Khudri quotes a long hadith of the Holy Prophet which clearly shows that Hell is not eternal. According to this tradition the Holy Prophet is reported to have said that on the Day of Judgement God would give permission to different high-placed persons to intercede for sinners. At last common believers also will be given permission to intercede on their behalf. At first, they will intercede for those whom they know. Then, with God’s permission, they will also intercede for other sinners who have some faith left in their hearts, until at last they will intercede even for those who have only a grain of faith in their hearts. Then only those will be left behind in Hell who had never done anything good. Then will God say: "The angels have interceded, and the Prophets and the Faithful have interceded and now it is My turn, the Most Merciful of the merciful ones." Then will God take a handful from the Fire and take out of it even those who never had done any good deed (Bukhari & Muslim).
This hadith hints that finally a time will come when everyone will be taken out of Hell, for when even those who never did any good deed are removed from the Fire, who else will remain behind? Moreover, God’s handful is not a physical thing. The word implies indefinite comprehensiveness and nothing can be considered to have been left out of it. It also appears from this saying that sinners will be punished first for their sins and, when they have been washed of their sins, they will be rewarded for their good deeds which, till then, will have been kept in reserve. The verse, whoso does good an atom’s weight will see it (99:8), also points to the same conclusion.
The different traditions quoted above show that many Companions of the Holy Prophet and their immediate successors held the view that Hell is not eternal and the Quran also supports this view. The following are some of the Quranic proofs in support of it:
(1) Though the words, excepting what thy Lord may will, have been used with regard to both Heaven and Hell (vv. 108 & 109), in the case of Heaven the words, a gift that shall not be cut off, have been specifically added in v.109 in order to show that there is no limitation upon the eternity of Heaven. In the case of Hell, on the other hand, they are followed by the clause, Surely thy Lord does bring about what He pleases (v. 108). These words are very emphatic and imply that the inmates of Hell must necessarily be taken out of Hell one day. If they were not to be taken out of Hell at all it was unnecessary to make the declaration so emphatic by using three words of emphasis, viz. ان (surely) ربك (thy Lord) and فعال (does bring about), the last word being the intensive form of فاعل and meaning the Great Doer of things that others cannot do.
Again, if Hell, like Heaven, was to be eternal, then its mention should also have been followed by some such words as "a punishment that shall not be cut off". It is true that as about Hell, so with regard to Heaven, it has been said that its inmates will abide in it as long as God wills, but in the case of the dwellers of Heaven it has been clearly added that God’s eternal will is that they should never be deprived of this favour and that their stay in Heaven should know no end. But no such declaration has been made with regard to Hell. This differentiation is so clear that even Ibn Hajr, whose view is opposed to Ibn Taimiyyah’s with regard to Hell being not eternal, has been compelled to admit that whereas with regard to the inmates of Heaven God has made known His will which is that they shall abide therein forever, with respect to the dwellers of Hell He has remained silent. But even the statement that God has remained silent with regard to the inmates of Hell is not correct, for by saying, Surely thy Lord does bring about what He wills, the Quran declares that in the case of the inmates of Hell God will carry out His wish which is implied in the words, excepting what thy Lord may will.
(2) The second evidence of the limited duration of Hell is furnished by the words الا من رحم ربك و لذالک خلقھم i.e. except those to whom thy Lord shall show mercy and for this has He created them (11:120). It has been admitted by eminent authorities such as Ibn ‘Abbas, Ta’us, Mujahid, Dahhak, Qatadah, and ‘Ikrimah that the pronoun ذالك (this) in the above words refers to رحمة (mercy) meaning that God has created men in order to show mercy to them (Kathir, Manthur and Tahavi). Now, if it be supposed that some men will remain in Hell forever and will never be taken out of it, then these wretched people cannot be said to have been shown any mercy.
(3) Whereas elsewhere in the Quran one meets with such expressions about Heaven as, they will surely have a reward that will never end (41:9; 84:26; 95:7), no such expression has been used with regard to Hell, which points to a clear distinction between the duration of the rewards of Heaven and the punishment of Hell.
(4) The Quranic expression رحمتی وسعت کل شیء i.e. My mercy encompasses all things (7:157), also shows that the punishment of Hell is only an intermediate condition and a transitory state and that even those whom God punishes will in the end become covered by His mercy and will be forgiven. The above expression represents God’s mercy as comprehending not only all human beings, but also all other things. The same idea is expressed in 40:8, where it is said that God comprehends all things in His mercy and knowledge. If it be supposed that certain persons can remain out of the mercy of God by being subjected to everlasting punishment, it will have to be admitted that certain things can also escape the knowledge of God, for knowledge and mercy have been mentioned in the verse side by side. But it is absurd to suppose that anything can escape the knowledge of God; therefore it is equally absurd to believe that any thing will remain permanently deprived of God’s mercy.
It should, however, be remembered that temporary punishment is not inconsistent with Divine mercy. The very fact that punishment is to last for a limited period shows that it will be reformatory; and it is clear that punishment which is meant to be reformatory is only a manifestation of Divine mercy, from which no human being can remain deprived even for a single moment. This is contradictory to the belief in the eternity of Hell.
(5) The following verses of the Quran also support this view: I have created the jinn and men only that they may serve Me (51:57), and Enter then among My servants and enter then My garden (89:30, 31). Now if all men in the end are to become God’s servants, for man cannot permanently be kept away from the object for which he has been created, and if all God’s servants will eventually enter Heaven the falsity of the view that Hell is eternal becomes quite clear.
(6) The sixth evidence of the limited character of Hell is to be found in the verse, Whoso does an atom’s weight of good will see it (99:8). Now a mere alleviation of punishment cannot be truly called the "seeing" of one’s good works. Hence, in order that men should see their works in completion i.e. should meet with the reward of their good actions, it is necessary that they should first be punished for their evil deeds by way of reformation and should afterwards receive the reward of their good actions.
(7) The verse, As for him whose scales are light, Hell will be his mother (101:9,10), constitutes further strong evidence in support of the view that Hell is not eternal. In this verse Hell is compared to a mother and it is well known that the child does not remain in the mother’s womb forever. It only remains there until the formation of its body and organs become complete. Similarly, those unfortunate persons who are cast into Hell will remain there until the time when the faculties which fit them for seeing the beautiful face of the Lord have become fully developed. This verse thus makes it clear that Hell is not eternal and that the word خالدین (abiding) in the verse under comment does not denote an unending time but only a long time as is also clear from the verse, who will tarry therein for ages (78:24).
The words, So long as the heavens and the earth endure, only mean "so long as the heaven and the earth of Paradise and Hell last"; so when Hell came to an end, heaven and earth will also naturally cease to exist.
d
15:49.
1351
According to the Hindu religion, both Heaven and Hell (i.e. rewards and punishments) possess a limited duration; and man, after undergoing the punishment, or reaping the reward of his deeds is sent back to this world. Of the Semitic religions, Judaism denies Paradise to non-Jews while Jews are regarded as almost free from the torture of Hell. According to Christians, both Heaven and Hell are eternal, although some of their sects hold the belief that Heaven will at last come to an end (Tafsir-e-Kabir). Islam fundamentally differs from all these religions in this respect. According to it Heaven is eternal and everlasting, while Hell is temporary and of limited duration. Imam Ahmad bin Hambal quotes a saying of the Holy Prophet, as reported by ‘Abdullah bin ‘Amr bin al-‘As to the effect: 'There will come on Hell a day when its shutters will strike against each other and there will be none left in it. That will happen after the inmates of Hell will have lived in it for centuries' (Musnad). According to t
۞ مَّثَلُ الۡجَنَّۃِ الَّتِیۡ وُعِدَ الۡمُتَّقُوۡنَ ۖ تَجۡرِیۡ مِنۡ تَحۡتِہَا الۡاَنۡہٰرُ ۖ اُکُلُہَا دَآئِمٌ وَّظِلُّہَا ۚ تِلۡکَ عُقۡبَی الَّذِیۡنَ اتَّقَوۡا ۖ وَّعُقۡبَی الۡکٰفِرِیۡنَ النَّارُ
2:26; 4:58; 47:16.
2:26; 4:58; 47:16.
The words, its fruit is everlasting, signify that the fruits of Heaven will see no autumn, no season of decay, nor even of dormancy. Thus, there will be no interruption in the boons and blessings of Paradise. "Fruit" and "shade" stand respectively for inward and outward blessings, and imply that believers will enjoy all kinds of blessings in Heaven, both external and internal.
2:26; 4:58; 47:16.
Commentary:
The idea underlying the word جنة generally rendered as Heaven but literally meaning garden, is not that of a land covered with trees, but of the trees themselves that give shade and cover the land. Thus the sentence تجری من تحت الانھار (through it flow streams) means that streams will flow under the trees of the gardens. This is intended to point not only to the proximity of water but also to the fact that the inmates of Heaven will be the owners and masters of the streams referred to. The word نھر (stream) properly signifies "water running with ease and unrestrictedly," which points to the unhampered and unimpeded progress of believers in Heaven. The word نھر (stream) also symbolizes the vastness of the works of believers, for it is only to water vast areas and not a few acres of land that streams or canals are constructed. Thus the word نھر (stream) implies the fact that the works of believers are and should be wide in their range and the scope of their vision unrestricted. It should be remembered that in the description of Paradise, trees stand for believers’ faith while streams symbolize their works. Just as trees without water become withered and dry, similarly, faith unaccompanied by good works is a dead formality.
The plural form انھار (streams) has been used in order to point to the fact that believers’ good works are of diverse kinds and versatile nature. This is why they will take the form of not one stream but of many. There will be a particular channel of running water representing a corresponding good work of man, reminding the inmates of Heaven that the different streams of Heaven represent their own many good works.
The words, its fruit is everlasting and so is its shade, signify that the fruits of Heaven will see no autumn, no season of decay, nor even of dormancy. Thus there will be no interruption in the boons and blessings of Paradise. "Fruit" and "shade" stand respectively for inward and outward blessings and imply that believers will enjoy all kinds of blessings in Heaven, both external and internal.
The words, the reward of the disbelievers is Fire, mean that as disbelievers paid no heed to their spiritual or moral welfare and only copied and imitated others and lived, as it were, not for themselves but for others, so they will have fire for their reward, which benefits others but burns itself.
c
2:26; 4:58; 47:16.
b
2:26; 4:58; 47:16.
1646
Commentary:
The idea underlying the word جنة generally rendered as Heaven but literally meaning garden, is not that of a land covered with trees, but of the trees themselves that give shade and cover the land. Thus the sentence تجری من تحت الانھار (through it flow streams) means that streams will flow under the trees of the gardens. This is intended to point not only to the proximity of water but also to the fact that the inmates of Heaven will be the owners and masters of the streams referred to. The word نھر (stream) properly signifies "water running with ease and unrestrictedly," which points to the unhampered and unimpeded progress of believers in Heaven. The word نھر (stream) also symbolizes the vastness of the works of believers, for it is only to water vast areas and not a few acres of land that streams or canals are constructed. Thus the word نھر (stream) implies the fact that the works of believers are and should be wide in their range and the scope of their vision unrestricted. It should be remembered that in the description of Paradise, trees stand for believers’ faith while streams symbolize their works. Just as trees without water become withered and dry, similarly, faith unaccompanied by good works is a dead formality.
The plural form انھار (streams) has been used in order to point to the fact that believers’ good works are of diverse kinds and versatile nature. This is why they will take the form of not one stream but of many. There will be a particular channel of running water representing a corresponding good work of man, reminding the inmates of Heaven that the different streams of Heaven represent their own many good works.
The words, its fruit is everlasting and so is its shade, signify that the fruits of Heaven will see no autumn, no season of decay, nor even of dormancy. Thus there will be no interruption in the boons and blessings of Paradise. "Fruit" and "shade" stand respectively for inward and outward blessings and imply that believers will enjoy all kinds of blessings in Heaven, both external and internal.
The words, the reward of the disbelievers is Fire, mean that as disbelievers paid no heed to their spiritual or moral welfare and only copied and imitated others and lived, as it were, not for themselves but for others, so they will have fire for their reward, which benefits others but burns itself.
c
2:26; 4:58; 47:16.
1447
The words, its fruit is everlasting, signify that the fruits of Heaven will see no autumn, no season of decay, nor even of dormancy. Thus, there will be no interruption in the boons and blessings of Paradise. "Fruit" and "shade" stand respectively for inward and outward blessings, and imply that believers will enjoy all kinds of blessings in Heaven, both external and internal.
وَقَالُوا الۡحَمۡدُ لِلّٰہِ الَّذِیۡ صَدَقَنَا وَعۡدَہٗ وَاَوۡرَثَنَا الۡاَرۡضَ نَتَبَوَّاُ مِنَ الۡجَنَّۃِ حَیۡثُ نَشَآءُ ۖ فَنِعۡمَ اَجۡرُ الۡعٰمِلِیۡنَ
1:2; 7:44; 37:183; 40:8.
1:2; 7:44; 37:183; 40:8.
1:2; 7:44; 37:183.
Commentary:
When believers see the promises of success and prosperity, made to them by the Prophet of God in the hour of severe tribulation, being literally fulfilled, their hearts become full of gratitude and they sing Divine praises from the inmost depths of their being. The words "the earth" in the sentence "and has given us the earth to inherit" may refer to the Holy Land, and the verse may particularly apply to the Holy Prophet’s Companions who had to wait for only a few years to see the fulfilment of the promise that the Holy Land would fall into their possession. The Muslims conquered Palestine in the caliphate of ‘Umar and it remained in their hands for more than 1300 years with the exception of a brief period of about 90 years. The present possession of Palestine by the Jews seems to be only a temporary phase.
b
1:2; 7:44; 37:183; 40:8.
b
1:2; 7:44; 37:183.
3490
Commentary:
When believers see the promises of success and prosperity, made to them by the Prophet of God in the hour of severe tribulation, being literally fulfilled, their hearts become full of gratitude and they sing Divine praises from the inmost depths of their being. The words "the earth" in the sentence "and has given us the earth to inherit" may refer to the Holy Land, and the verse may particularly apply to the Holy Prophet’s Companions who had to wait for only a few years to see the fulfilment of the promise that the Holy Land would fall into their possession. The Muslims conquered Palestine in the caliphate of ‘Umar and it remained in their hands for more than 1300 years with the exception of a brief period of about 90 years. The present possession of Palestine by the Jews seems to be only a temporary phase.
b
1:2; 7:44; 37:183; 40:8.
فَقُلۡنَا یٰۤاٰدَمُ اِنَّ ہٰذَا عَدُوٌّ لَّکَ وَلِزَوۡجِکَ فَلَا یُخۡرِجَنَّکُمَا مِنَ الۡجَنَّۃِ فَتَشۡقٰۤی
7:23; 18:51.
Adam is warned that if he succumbed to the blandishments held out to him by Iblis and accepted his advice, he would become deprived of Jannah, i.e. life of bliss and spiritual contentment which he formerly enjoyed.
7:23; 18:51.
Commentary:
الجنة (the garden) does not refer to Heaven or Paradise but only to the garden-like place where Adam was first made to live. The word cannot refer to heaven; first, because it was on the earth that Adam was made to live, as the words: "I am about to place a vicegerent in the earth" (2:31) indicate; and secondly, because heaven is a place from where no one having once entered it can ever be expelled (15:49), whereas Adam was compelled to leave the جنة referred to in this verse. Recent archaeological researches show that the place where Adam was made to dwell was the garden of Eden which lay near Babylon in Iraq, and which was given this name on account of the great fertility of its soil (Enc. Brit. under "Ur"). See also 2:35, 36.
The Bible also lends support to this view. It says: "And the Lord God planted a garden eastward in Eden; and there he put the man whom He had formed" (Gen. 2:8).
The verse means to warn Adam that if he succumbed to the blandishments held out to him by Iblis and accepted his advice, he would become deprived of جنة i.e. the life of bliss, comfort and spiritual contentment which he had formerly enjoyed.
e
7:23; 18:51.
822
阿丹得到警告, 如果他听从伊布利司 (اِبْلِيْس, Iblis) 的甜言劝诱, 而接受其意见, 那他势必失去 جَنَّة (Jannah) 即 (失去) 天堂的极乐生活, 即他原来享有的精神满足。
a
7:23; 18:51.
2326
Commentary:
الجنة (the garden) does not refer to Heaven or Paradise but only to the garden-like place where Adam was first made to live. The word cannot refer to heaven; first, because it was on the earth that Adam was made to live, as the words: "I am about to place a vicegerent in the earth" (2:31) indicate; and secondly, because heaven is a place from where no one having once entered it can ever be expelled (15:49), whereas Adam was compelled to leave the جنة referred to in this verse. Recent archaeological researches show that the place where Adam was made to dwell was the garden of Eden which lay near Babylon in Iraq, and which was given this name on account of the great fertility of its soil (Enc. Brit. under "Ur"). See also 2:35, 36.
The Bible also lends support to this view. It says: "And the Lord God planted a garden eastward in Eden; and there he put the man whom He had formed" (Gen. 2:8).
The verse means to warn Adam that if he succumbed to the blandishments held out to him by Iblis and accepted his advice, he would become deprived of جنة i.e. the life of bliss, comfort and spiritual contentment which he had formerly enjoyed.
b
7:23; 18:51.
1857
Adam is warned that if he succumbed to the blandishments held out to him by Iblis and accepted his advice, he would become deprived of Jannah, i.e. life of bliss and spiritual contentment which he formerly enjoyed.
فَاَکَلَا مِنۡہَا فَبَدَتۡ لَہُمَا سَوۡءٰتُہُمَا وَطَفِقَا یَخۡصِفَانِ عَلَیۡہِمَا مِنۡ وَّرَقِ الۡجَنَّۃِ ۚ وَعَصٰۤی اٰدَمُ رَبَّہٗ فَغَوٰی
دیکھئے سورۃ اعراف آیت۲۳ نوٹ نمبر۱
7.23; 20:122.
As a result of acceptance by Adam of Satan’s suggestions a split occurred among his people which caused him much distress and mental anguish. Adam and Eve discovered that by acting upon the evil suggestions of Satan, they had made a grievous mistake and had involved themselves in great trouble. The verse does not mean that their weakness became known to other people but that only Adam and Eve themselves became conscious of it.
Waraq also meaning young lads of a community (Lane), the verse purports to say that as Satan had succeeded in causing a split in Adam’s community and some of the morally weak members had gone out of its fold, Adam gathered together the youth and other righteous and good members of the community and with their help began to reorganize his people. According to the Bible, Adam used fig leaves (Gen. 3: 6, 7), which in the language of visions signify young righteous and pious people.
7:23; 20:122.
Important Words:
سوآت (shame) is the plural of سوءة which is derived from ساء which means, it was or became evil, foul or abominable. سوءة means, any evil, foul or abominable saying or action or habit or practice; any saying or action of which one is ashamed when it appears and which one would like to hide; any disgracing action or thing; the external portion of organs of generation of a man or of a woman; corpse or dead body; nakedness (Lane & Aqrab). See also 7:21.
ورق (leaves) is both singular and plural and is substantive noun from the verb ورق (waraqa). They say ورق الشجر i.e. the tree put forth leaves. أورق الرجل means, the man became rich. انت طیب الورق means, thou hast a good and righteous progeny. ورق means, leaves, foliage; sheet of paper; the prime and freshness of a thing; the young lads of a community. It also signifies the beauty of the things of this world and their resplendence (Lane & Aqrab). See also 7:23.
غوی (his life became miserable) means, he erred; he deviated from the right way; he acted ignorantly; he failed in his object and was disappointed; he was lost; his life became unpleasant (Aqrab, Lane & Mufradat).
Commentary:
As a result of acceptance by Adam of Satan’s suggestion a split occurred among his people which caused him much distress and mental anguish.
The words, their shame became manifest, mean that the evil consequences of their lapse began to appear and they realized their weaknesses. They discovered that by acting upon the evil suggestions of Satan, they had made a grievous mistake and had involved themselves in great trouble. The verse does not mean that their weakness became known to other people but that only Adam and Eve became conscious of it.
As ورق also means young lads of a community(see under "Important Words" above) the verse purports to say that as Satan had succeeded in causing a split in Adam’s community and some of the spiritually weaker members had gone out of its fold, Adam gathered together the youth and other righteous and good members of the community and with their help began to reorganize his people. It is generally the youth of a community who first accept the teachings of a Divine Messenger because they have no preconceived ideas, prejudices and inhibitions to shed. Their minds are like a clean slate and they find no difficulty in accepting a teaching which appeals to their reason and conscience. See also 7:23.
The Bible describes Adam’s lapse in the words: "And when the woman saw that the tree was good for food, and that it was pleasant to the eyes, and a tree to be desired to make one wise, she took of the fruit thereof, and did eat, and gave also unto her husband with her; and he did eat. And the eyes of both were opened, and they knew that they were naked; and they sewed fig leaves together, and made themselves aprons" (Gen. 3:6-7). Thus whereas, according to the Quran, Adam hid his nakedness with 'the leaves of the garden', which means the young lads or pious and righteous members of the community, according to the Bible he used the fig leaves which in the language of visions also signify righteous and pious people. So there is no contradiction or incongruity between the Quranic and the Biblical statements in this respect.
That Adam’s disobedience was not deliberate but casual and accidental is evident from v. 116 above.
b
7.23; 20:122.
825
وَرَقْ (Waraq) 也是指一个社团中的年青小伙子 (Lane)。这节经文的大致意思是说, 恶魔已成功地使阿丹的社团出现裂缝, 一些意志薄弱的成员背离了他们的信仰。阿丹把年青的以及其他正直而善良的成员聚集在一起, 并在他们的帮助下重新组织起自己的社团。据圣经所载, 阿丹用过无花果树树叶 («创世纪» 3:6-7), 这在精神境界的语言中是指年青、正直而虔诚的人们。
2
دیکھئے سورۃ اعراف آیت۲۳ نوٹ نمبر۱
a
7:23; 20:122.
2330
Important Words:
سوآت (shame) is the plural of سوءة which is derived from ساء which means, it was or became evil, foul or abominable. سوءة means, any evil, foul or abominable saying or action or habit or practice; any saying or action of which one is ashamed when it appears and which one would like to hide; any disgracing action or thing; the external portion of organs of generation of a man or of a woman; corpse or dead body; nakedness (Lane & Aqrab). See also 7:21.
ورق (leaves) is both singular and plural and is substantive noun from the verb ورق (waraqa). They say ورق الشجر i.e. the tree put forth leaves. أورق الرجل means, the man became rich. انت طیب الورق means, thou hast a good and righteous progeny. ورق means, leaves, foliage; sheet of paper; the prime and freshness of a thing; the young lads of a community. It also signifies the beauty of the things of this world and their resplendence (Lane & Aqrab). See also 7:23.
غوی (his life became miserable) means, he erred; he deviated from the right way; he acted ignorantly; he failed in his object and was disappointed; he was lost; his life became unpleasant (Aqrab, Lane & Mufradat).
Commentary:
As a result of acceptance by Adam of Satan’s suggestion a split occurred among his people which caused him much distress and mental anguish.
The words, their shame became manifest, mean that the evil consequences of their lapse began to appear and they realized their weaknesses. They discovered that by acting upon the evil suggestions of Satan, they had made a grievous mistake and had involved themselves in great trouble. The verse does not mean that their weakness became known to other people but that only Adam and Eve became conscious of it.
As ورق also means young lads of a community(see under "Important Words" above) the verse purports to say that as Satan had succeeded in causing a split in Adam’s community and some of the spiritually weaker members had gone out of its fold, Adam gathered together the youth and other righteous and good members of the community and with their help began to reorganize his people. It is generally the youth of a community who first accept the teachings of a Divine Messenger because they have no preconceived ideas, prejudices and inhibitions to shed. Their minds are like a clean slate and they find no difficulty in accepting a teaching which appeals to their reason and conscience. See also 7:23.
The Bible describes Adam’s lapse in the words: "And when the woman saw that the tree was good for food, and that it was pleasant to the eyes, and a tree to be desired to make one wise, she took of the fruit thereof, and did eat, and gave also unto her husband with her; and he did eat. And the eyes of both were opened, and they knew that they were naked; and they sewed fig leaves together, and made themselves aprons" (Gen. 3:6-7). Thus whereas, according to the Quran, Adam hid his nakedness with 'the leaves of the garden', which means the young lads or pious and righteous members of the community, according to the Bible he used the fig leaves which in the language of visions also signify righteous and pious people. So there is no contradiction or incongruity between the Quranic and the Biblical statements in this respect.
That Adam’s disobedience was not deliberate but casual and accidental is evident from v. 116 above.
b
7.23; 20:122.
1860
As a result of acceptance by Adam of Satan’s suggestions a split occurred among his people which caused him much distress and mental anguish. Adam and Eve discovered that by acting upon the evil suggestions of Satan, they had made a grievous mistake and had involved themselves in great trouble. The verse does not mean that their weakness became known to other people but that only Adam and Eve themselves became conscious of it.
1861
Waraq also meaning young lads of a community (Lane), the verse purports to say that as Satan had succeeded in causing a split in Adam’s community and some of the morally weak members had gone out of its fold, Adam gathered together the youth and other righteous and good members of the community and with their help began to reorganize his people. According to the Bible, Adam used fig leaves (Gen. 3: 6, 7), which in the language of visions signify young righteous and pious people.
اَصۡحٰبُ الۡجَنَّۃِ یَوۡمَئِذٍ خَیۡرٌ مُّسۡتَقَرًّا وَّاَحۡسَنُ مَقِیۡلًا
Commentary:
The verse signifies that whereas the work of disbelievers will be completely destroyed, the life of believers will be a life of perfect and perpetual calm and tranquillity. They will pass their days and nights in undisturbed composure and equanimity.
2661
Commentary:
The verse signifies that whereas the work of disbelievers will be completely destroyed, the life of believers will be a life of perfect and perpetual calm and tranquillity. They will pass their days and nights in undisturbed composure and equanimity.
اِنَّ اَصۡحٰبَ الۡجَنَّۃِ الۡیَوۡمَ فِیۡ شُغُلٍ فٰکِہُوۡنَ
后世生命, 一般都有所误解, 将不是一种没有行动而无生气的生命, 而是一种不断工作和精神不断进步的生命。
’’اہم‘‘ کے معنے شُغُلٍ کی تنوین سے نکلے ہیں۔ جس کے معنے بڑی چیز کے ہوتے ہیں۔
Life in the next world, as generally misunderstood, will not be a life of inaction and inertness but a life of constant work and progressive spiritual advance.
Commentary:
The present and the next three verses describe the state of complete bliss which the righteous will enjoy in this and the next world. The verse incidentally shows that life in the next world, as generally misunderstood, will not be a life of inaction and inertness but of constant work and progressive spiritual advance.
1073
后世生命, 一般都有所误解, 将不是一种没有行动而无生气的生命, 而是一种不断工作和精神不断进步的生命。
2
’’اہم‘‘ کے معنے شُغُلٍ کی تنوین سے نکلے ہیں۔ جس کے معنے بڑی چیز کے ہوتے ہیں۔
3250
Commentary:
The present and the next three verses describe the state of complete bliss which the righteous will enjoy in this and the next world. The verse incidentally shows that life in the next world, as generally misunderstood, will not be a life of inaction and inertness but of constant work and progressive spiritual advance.
2454
Life in the next world, as generally misunderstood, will not be a life of inaction and inertness but a life of constant work and progressive spiritual advance.
وَسِیۡقَ الَّذِیۡنَ اتَّقَوۡا رَبَّہُمۡ اِلَی الۡجَنَّۃِ زُمَرًا ۖ حَتّٰۤی اِذَا جَآءُوۡہَا وَفُتِحَتۡ اَبۡوٰبُہَا وَقَالَ لَہُمۡ خَزَنَتُہَا سَلٰمٌ عَلَیۡکُمۡ طِبۡتُمۡ فَادۡخُلُوۡہَا خٰلِدِیۡنَ
جنت کی طرف جانے والا تو دوڑ کے جاتا ہے‘ مگرا س جگہ دھکیلنے کا لفظ استعمال کیا گیا ہے۔ اس کی وجہ یہ ہے کہ جب تک نتیجہ ظاہر نہ ہو انسان پر خوف غالب رہتا ہے اور وہ ہر قدم احتیاط سے اٹھاتا ہے۔
13:25.
Commentary:
The righteous and the God-fearing will have success, honour and prosperity bestowed upon them in this life, and they will make unceasing spiritual progress and will bask forever in the sun of Divine pleasure and bliss in the life to come.
The word طبتم may also mean, because you led good and pure lives.
a
13:25.
1149
طِبْتُمْ (Tibtum) 也可意味着, 因为你们过着良好和清白的生活。
1
جنت کی طرف جانے والا تو دوڑ کے جاتا ہے‘ مگرا س جگہ دھکیلنے کا لفظ استعمال کیا گیا ہے۔ اس کی وجہ یہ ہے کہ جب تک نتیجہ ظاہر نہ ہو انسان پر خوف غالب رہتا ہے اور وہ ہر قدم احتیاط سے اٹھاتا ہے۔
a
13:25.
3489
Commentary:
The righteous and the God-fearing will have success, honour and prosperity bestowed upon them in this life, and they will make unceasing spiritual progress and will bask forever in the sun of Divine pleasure and bliss in the life to come.
The word طبتم may also mean, because you led good and pure lives.
a
13:25.
2590
Tibtum may also mean, because you led good and pure lives.
وَکَذٰلِکَ اَوۡحَیۡنَاۤ اِلَیۡکَ قُرۡاٰنًا عَرَبِیًّا لِّتُنۡذِرَ اُمَّ الۡقُرٰی وَمَنۡ حَوۡلَہَا وَتُنۡذِرَ یَوۡمَ الۡجَمۡعِ لَا رَیۡبَ فِیۡہِ ۚ فَرِیۡقٌ فِی الۡجَنَّۃِ وَفَرِیۡقٌ فِی السَّعِیۡرِ
20:114; 39:29; 43:4; 46:13.
6:93.
这里可以指麦加, 因为麦加不仅是 «古兰经» 得到启示时阿拉伯的商业和经济大都市, 而且始终注定是全世界的精神中心, 全人类都要从它的胸怀中吸取精神生活的乳汁。麦加在地理上也位于世界的中心。«古兰经» 也称为 اُمُّ الْكِتَاب (Ummul-Kitab, 经典之母), 启示 «古兰经» 用的阿拉伯文称为 اُمُّ الْاَلْسِنَة (Ummul-Alsinah, 语言之母), 麦加称为 اُمُّ الْقُرٰى (Ummul-Qura, 城市之母或母城)。
20:114; 39:29; 43:4; 46:13.
6:93.
The reference may be to Mecca, because Mecca was not only the commercial and political metropolis of Arabia at the time when the Qur’an was revealed but was destined for all time to be the spiritual centre of the whole world and from its breast the whole of humanity was to suck the milk of spiritual life. Geographically also Mecca is situated in the centre of the world. The Qur’an has also been called Ummul-Kitab (Mother of the Book) and Arabic in which it has been revealed Ummul-Alsinah (Mother of tongues) and Mecca has been called Ummul-Qura (Mother of towns or Mother-town).
20:114; 39:29; 43:4; 46:13.
6:93.
Commentary:
For an explanation of قرآناً عربیاً see 12:3 and 41:4.
The reference in the words أم القری (Mother of Towns) may be to Mecca, because Mecca was not only the commercial and political metropolis of Arabia at the time when the Quran was revealed but was destined for all time to come to be the spiritual centre of the whole world and from its breast the whole of humanity was to suck the milk of spiritual life. Geographically also Mecca is situated in the centre of the world. The Quran has been called أم الکتاب (Mother of the Book) and Arabic in which the Quran has been revealed أم الالسنة (Mother of Tongues) and Mecca أم القری (Mother of Towns or Mother-Town).
The reference in the expression یوم الـجمع i.e. the Day of Gathering, may preferably be to the Judgement Day which has also been called یوم الـحشر i.e. the Day of Resurrection (41:20), یوم التناد i.e. the Day of Mutual Calling (40:33), یوم التلاق i.e. the Day of Meeting (40:16) and یوم الـحساب i.e. the Day of Reckoning (40:28), in the Quran. یوم الـجمع may also refer to that Day of Gathering when all the forces of disbelief assembled in the Battle of the Ditch to administer a coup de grace to the rising power of Islam. It may also refer to the Latter Days when the whole of mankind was to become, as it were, like one family. See also 38:12; 54:46.
b
20:114; 39:29; 43:4; 46:13.
c
6:93.
1199
这里可以指麦加, 因为麦加不仅是 «古兰经» 得到启示时阿拉伯的商业和经济大都市, 而且始终注定是全世界的精神中心, 全人类都要从它的胸怀中吸取精神生活的乳汁。麦加在地理上也位于世界的中心。«古兰经» 也称为 اُمُّ الْكِتَاب (Ummul-Kitab, 经典之母), 启示 «古兰经» 用的阿拉伯文称为 اُمُّ الْاَلْسِنَة (Ummul-Alsinah, 语言之母), 麦加称为 اُمُّ الْقُرٰى (Ummul-Qura, 城市之母或母城)。
c
20:114; 39:29; 43:4; 46:13.
d
6:93.
3607
Commentary:
For an explanation of قرآناً عربیاً see 12:3 and 41:4.
The reference in the words أم القری (Mother of Towns) may be to Mecca, because Mecca was not only the commercial and political metropolis of Arabia at the time when the Quran was revealed but was destined for all time to come to be the spiritual centre of the whole world and from its breast the whole of humanity was to suck the milk of spiritual life. Geographically also Mecca is situated in the centre of the world. The Quran has been called أم الکتاب (Mother of the Book) and Arabic in which the Quran has been revealed أم الالسنة (Mother of Tongues) and Mecca أم القری (Mother of Towns or Mother-Town).
The reference in the expression یوم الـجمع i.e. the Day of Gathering, may preferably be to the Judgement Day which has also been called یوم الـحشر i.e. the Day of Resurrection (41:20), یوم التناد i.e. the Day of Mutual Calling (40:33), یوم التلاق i.e. the Day of Meeting (40:16) and یوم الـحساب i.e. the Day of Reckoning (40:28), in the Quran. یوم الـجمع may also refer to that Day of Gathering when all the forces of disbelief assembled in the Battle of the Ditch to administer a coup de grace to the rising power of Islam. It may also refer to the Latter Days when the whole of mankind was to become, as it were, like one family. See also 38:12; 54:46.
b
20:114; 39:29; 43:4; 46:13.
c
6:93.
2645
The reference may be to Mecca, because Mecca was not only the commercial and political metropolis of Arabia at the time when the Qur’an was revealed but was destined for all time to be the spiritual centre of the whole world and from its breast the whole of humanity was to suck the milk of spiritual life. Geographically also Mecca is situated in the centre of the world. The Qur’an has also been called Ummul-Kitab (Mother of the Book) and Arabic in which it has been revealed Ummul-Alsinah (Mother of tongues) and Mecca has been called Ummul-Qura (Mother of towns or Mother-town).
مَّثَلُ الۡجَنَّۃِ الَّتِیۡ وُعِدَ الۡمُتَّقُوۡنَ ۖ فِیۡہَاۤ اَنۡہٰرٌ مِّنۡ مَّآءٍ غَیۡرِ اٰسِنٍ وَّاَنۡہٰرٌ مِّنۡ لَّبَنٍ لَّمۡ یَتَغَیَّرۡ طَعۡمُہٗ وَاَنۡہٰرٌ مِّنۡ خَمۡرٍ لَّذَّۃٍ لِّلشّٰرِبِیۡنَ وَاَنۡہٰرٌ مِّنۡ عَسَلٍ مُّصَفًّی ۖ وَّلَہُمۡ فِیۡہَا مِنۡ کُلِّ الثَّمَرٰتِ وَمَغۡفِرَۃٌ مِّنۡ رَّبِّہِمۡ ۖ کَمَنۡ ہُوَ خٰلِدٌ فِی النَّارِ وَسُقُوۡا مَآءً حَمِیۡمًا فَقَطَّعَ اَمۡعَآءَہُمۡ
13:36.
13:36.
Believers are promised, in this and the next life, rivers of pure water, rivers of milk of which the taste does not change, rivers of wine which gives delight and rivers of clarified honey. The word, Anhar, which has been used four times in the verse, besides other senses, signifies light and amplitude; and ‘Asal, among other things, means a good or righteous deed which wins for the doer the love and esteem of men. In view of this signification of these two words the verse may mean that the four things mentioned will be given to the righteous in plenty. Water is the source of all life (21:31); milk gives health and vigour to the body; wine gives pleasant sensations and forgetfulness of worries, and honey cures many a disease. Taken in the physical sense, the verse would signify that in the present life the believers will have in plenty all those things which make life pleasant, delightful and useful; and taken symbolically and in a spiritual sense, it would mean that believers will have a f
13:36.
Important Words:
أنھار (rivers) is the plural of نھر which is inf. noun from نھر (nahara) which means, it flowed or flowed with force. نھر means, a river, a brook, a stream. The word also means, amplitude, or light and amplitude (Lane).
عسل (honey) is inf. noun from عسل (‘asala). عسل الطعام means, he prepared the food with honey. They say عسله i.e. he made him an object of eulogy; he made him an object of love to men. عسل means, honey; flowers or blossoms because honey is made therefrom; a good or righteous deed, the eulogy for which a person is deemed sweet (Lane).
Commentary:
The verse mentions four kinds of favours and blessings promised to believers in this and the next life, i.e. rivers of pure water, rivers of milk of which the taste does not change, rivers of wine which gives delight and rivers of clarified honey. The word أنھار which has been used four times in the verse, besides other senses, signifies light and amplitude; and عسلamong other things, means a good or righteous deed which wins for the doer the love and esteem of men. In view of the signification of these two words the verse may mean that the four things mentioned will be given to the righteous in plenty: viz. water which is the source of all life (21:31); milk which, besides giving health and vigour to the body, stands for spiritual knowledge; wine which gives pleasant sensations and forgetfulness of worries; and honey, being the means of curing many a disease, represents good and righteous deeds which make the believers beloved of men. Taken in the physical sense, i.e. pertaining to the present life, the verse would signify that in the present life the believers will have in plenty all those things which make life pleasant, delightful and useful; and taken symbolically and in a spiritual sense, it would mean that believers will have a full life, they will be endowed with spiritual knowledge, will drink the wine of God’s love and will do deeds that will win for them love and esteem of men.
e
13:36.
a
13:36.
3800
Important Words:
أنھار (rivers) is the plural of نھر which is inf. noun from نھر (nahara) which means, it flowed or flowed with force. نھر means, a river, a brook, a stream. The word also means, amplitude, or light and amplitude (Lane).
عسل (honey) is inf. noun from عسل (‘asala). عسل الطعام means, he prepared the food with honey. They say عسله i.e. he made him an object of eulogy; he made him an object of love to men. عسل means, honey; flowers or blossoms because honey is made therefrom; a good or righteous deed, the eulogy for which a person is deemed sweet (Lane).
Commentary:
The verse mentions four kinds of favours and blessings promised to believers in this and the next life, i.e. rivers of pure water, rivers of milk of which the taste does not change, rivers of wine which gives delight and rivers of clarified honey. The word أنھار which has been used four times in the verse, besides other senses, signifies light and amplitude; and عسلamong other things, means a good or righteous deed which wins for the doer the love and esteem of men. In view of the signification of these two words the verse may mean that the four things mentioned will be given to the righteous in plenty: viz. water which is the source of all life (21:31); milk which, besides giving health and vigour to the body, stands for spiritual knowledge; wine which gives pleasant sensations and forgetfulness of worries; and honey, being the means of curing many a disease, represents good and righteous deeds which make the believers beloved of men. Taken in the physical sense, i.e. pertaining to the present life, the verse would signify that in the present life the believers will have in plenty all those things which make life pleasant, delightful and useful; and taken symbolically and in a spiritual sense, it would mean that believers will have a full life, they will be endowed with spiritual knowledge, will drink the wine of God’s love and will do deeds that will win for them love and esteem of men.
a
13:36.
2748
Believers are promised, in this and the next life, rivers of pure water, rivers of milk of which the taste does not change, rivers of wine which gives delight and rivers of clarified honey. The word, Anhar, which has been used four times in the verse, besides other senses, signifies light and amplitude; and ‘Asal, among other things, means a good or righteous deed which wins for the doer the love and esteem of men. In view of this signification of these two words the verse may mean that the four things mentioned will be given to the righteous in plenty. Water is the source of all life (21:31); milk gives health and vigour to the body; wine gives pleasant sensations and forgetfulness of worries, and honey cures many a disease. Taken in the physical sense, the verse would signify that in the present life the believers will have in plenty all those things which make life pleasant, delightful and useful; and taken symbolically and in a spiritual sense, it would mean that believers will have a f
اُولٰٓئِکَ اَصۡحٰبُ الۡجَنَّۃِ خٰلِدِیۡنَ فِیۡہَا جَزَآءًۢ بِمَا کَانُوۡا یَعۡمَلُوۡنَ
اُولٰٓئِکَ الَّذِیۡنَ نَتَقَبَّلُ عَنۡہُمۡ اَحۡسَنَ مَا عَمِلُوۡا وَنَتَجَاوَزُ عَنۡ سَیِّاٰتِہِمۡ فِیۡۤ اَصۡحٰبِ الۡجَنَّۃِ ۖ وَعۡدَ الصِّدۡقِ الَّذِیۡ کَانُوۡا یُوۡعَدُوۡنَ
17:109; 19:62; 73:19.
17:109; 19:62; 73:19.
17:109; 19:62; 73:19.
Important Words:
نتجاوز (We shall overlook) is derived from جاز.They say جاز المکان او جاوزہ i.e. he passed along the place and left it behind. جاوز الحدmeans, he exceeded the proper limit or became extravagant or exorbitant. تجاوز عن ذنبه means, he overlooked sin; he forgave him. (Lane).
b
17:109; 19:62; 73:19.
a
17:109; 19:62; 73:19.
3771
Important Words:
نتجاوز (We shall overlook) is derived from جاز.They say جاز المکان او جاوزہ i.e. he passed along the place and left it behind. جاوز الحدmeans, he exceeded the proper limit or became extravagant or exorbitant. تجاوز عن ذنبه means, he overlooked sin; he forgave him. (Lane).
b
17:109; 19:62; 73:19.
لَا یَسۡتَوِیۡۤ اَصۡحٰبُ النَّارِ وَاَصۡحٰبُ الۡجَنَّۃِ ۚ اَصۡحٰبُ الۡجَنَّۃِ ہُمُ الۡفَآئِزُوۡنَ
38:29; 45:22.
Commentary:
The inmates of the Fire have been mentioned in the preceding verse and the inmates of the Garden in the verse before that. The present verse states that the two parties are not, and never can be, equal.
b
38:29; 45:22.
4205
Commentary:
The inmates of the Fire have been mentioned in the preceding verse and the inmates of the Garden in the verse before that. The present verse states that the two parties are not, and never can be, equal.
وَضَرَبَ اللّٰہُ مَثَلًا لِّلَّذِیۡنَ اٰمَنُوا امۡرَاَتَ فِرۡعَوۡنَ اِذۡ قَالَتۡ رَبِّ ابۡنِ لِیۡ عِنۡدَکَ بَیۡتًا فِی الۡجَنَّۃِ وَنَجِّنِیۡ مِنۡ فِرۡعَوۡنَ وَعَمَلِہٖ وَنَجِّنِیۡ مِنَ الۡقَوۡمِ الظّٰلِمِیۡنَ
اِنَّا بَلَوۡنٰہُمۡ کَمَا بَلَوۡنَاۤ اَصۡحٰبَ الۡجَنَّۃِ اِذۡ اَقۡسَمُوۡا لَیَصۡرِمُنَّہَا مُصۡبِحِیۡنَ
卑鄙、贪婪而自负的不信者在这里被比作果园主人, 他吞没了园内所有的果实, 不愿与出劳力种植园子的人分享, 并骗取他们的正当权利。
اس جگہ اَصْحَابُ الْجَنَّۃِ یعنی باغ والوں سے مراد محمد رسول اللہ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم اور ان کے مکہ والے رشتہ دار ہیں جن کے لئے خداتعالیٰ نے قرآن مجید کی جنت اتاری تھی لیکن انہوں نے بجائے اس جنت سے فائدہ اٹھانے کے لوگوں کو اس جنت سے محروم کرنے کی کوشش کرنی شروع کر دی اور آپس میں یہ معاہدہ کیا کہ ایسے وقت میں اس جنّت میں چلو جب کوئی اور آنے والا نہ ہو۔ یہی مکہ والے کرتے تھے یعنی جو شخص آپ کی باتیں سننے آتا تھا اس کے کانوں میں روئی ڈال دیتے تھے۔ یا جب آپ باتیں کرتے تھے تو اس میں شور مچا دیتے تھے تاکہ کوئی سنے نہیں اور ان سے فائدہ نہ اٹھائے جیسا کہ اللہ تعالیٰ فرماتا ہ
Here the base, greedy and conceited disbelievers have been compared to the owner of a garden who would devour all its fruit and would not share it with those who had also put in their labour in developing it and would defraud them of their just rights in it.
Commentary:
Here the base, greedy and conceited disbelievers have been compared to the owner of a garden who would devour all its fruit and would not allow any share to those who had also put in their labour in developing the gardens and would defraud them of their just rights.
1461
卑鄙、贪婪而自负的不信者在这里被比作果园主人, 他吞没了园内所有的果实, 不愿与出劳力种植园子的人分享, 并骗取他们的正当权利。
1
اس جگہ اَصْحَابُ الْجَنَّۃِ یعنی باغ والوں سے مراد محمد رسول اللہ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم اور ان کے مکہ والے رشتہ دار ہیں جن کے لئے خداتعالیٰ نے قرآن مجید کی جنت اتاری تھی لیکن انہوں نے بجائے اس جنت سے فائدہ اٹھانے کے لوگوں کو اس جنت سے محروم کرنے کی کوشش کرنی شروع کر دی اور آپس میں یہ معاہدہ کیا کہ ایسے وقت میں اس جنّت میں چلو جب کوئی اور آنے والا نہ ہو۔ یہی مکہ والے کرتے تھے یعنی جو شخص آپ کی باتیں سننے آتا تھا اس کے کانوں میں روئی ڈال دیتے تھے۔ یا جب آپ باتیں کرتے تھے تو اس میں شور مچا دیتے تھے تاکہ کوئی سنے نہیں اور ان سے فائدہ نہ اٹھائے جیسا کہ اللہ تعالیٰ فرماتا ہ
4318
Commentary:
Here the base, greedy and conceited disbelievers have been compared to the owner of a garden who would devour all its fruit and would not allow any share to those who had also put in their labour in developing the gardens and would defraud them of their just rights.
3097
Here the base, greedy and conceited disbelievers have been compared to the owner of a garden who would devour all its fruit and would not share it with those who had also put in their labour in developing it and would defraud them of their just rights in it.